Advanced Computer Networks cs598pbg fall 2010 Brighten Godfrey [email protected] Fall 2010 slides ©2010 by Brighten Godfrey except photographs and unless otherwise noted Today Course Overview Internet History Your Future This course • is instructed by Brighten Godfrey ([email protected], 3128 Siebel) • takes place Tue & Thu, 3:30 - 4:45 pm, in 1302 Siebel • comes with FREE office hours: currently, Tuesdays after class (we’ll reselect in a week or two) and by appointment • has a web site: http://www.cs.illinois.edu/homes/pbg/ courses/cs598fa10/ • has a wiki, linked from the web site Your instructor • Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, 2009, advised by Ion Stoica • Dissertation on improving resilience and performance of distributed systems by taking advantage of heterogeneity • Research interests: Design of highly reliable, flexible, and efficient networked systems, algorithms for and analysis of distributed systems Course goal • Prepare ourselves to perform high-quality research advancing the field of networking Course components • Networking literature • The classics • The challenges • The latest • How to read, criticize, and present research • Research project Major topics • Core architecture • Classic Internet architecture • Congestion control • Forwarding • Routing • Naming • Making it work well • Reliability, scalability, selfishness, security • Domain-specific networks • Data center, overlay, P2P, wireless Requirements & grading • Project (50%) • Midterm presentation (10%) • Final paper (20%) • Final poster presentation (20%) • Midterm exam (15%) • Paper reviews (15%) • Paper presentations (10%) • Class participation (10%) 1. Project • Research project that could be developed into a conference submission • Work alone or in groups of two • Project topics • Explore your own ideas • Next lecture: some suggestions • Steps • Project proposal (3 weeks from now) • Midterm presentation • Final poster presentation and paper 2. Readings • Generally one or two papers per lecture • Submit a review on the wiki by 11:59pm the night before we discuss the paper • For each paper, a review is • One paragraph (longer is not better) • At least 2 criticisms • Don’t just repeat what we already read in the paper! 3. Paper presentations • 15 minute presentation including key concepts, techniques, results, and your criticism • Important to compare the presented paper to the other readings • 20 minutes of discussion during/after • At least 2 days before it happens, meet with me to show me your presentation 4. Midterm exam • Covers core material in first ~2/3 of course • Practice / review questions will be released 5. Class participation • Comment, question, and interact! • Discuss on the wiki • Feedback on each lecture Today Course Overview Internet History Your Future Visions • Vannevar Bush, “As we may think” (1945): memex • J. C. R. Licklider (1962): “Galactic Network” • Concept of a global network of computers connecting people with data and programs Bush • First head of DARPA computer research, Licklider October 1962 Circuit switching 1920s 1967 [Getty Images] [US Air Force] 1961-64: Packet switching Datagram packet Circuit Switching switching Physical channel carrying stream of Message broken into short packets, data from source to destination each handled separately Three phase: setup, data transfer, One operation: send packet tear-down Packets stored (queued) in each Data transfer involves no routing router, forwarded to appropriate neighbor 1961-64: Packet switching • Leonard Kleinrock: queueing-theoretic analysis of packet switching in MIT Ph.D. thesis (1961-63) demonstrated value of statistical multiplexing • Concurrent work from Paul Baran (RAND), Donald Davies (National Kleinrock Physical Labratories, UK) Circuit switching Packet switching Time Time Baran 1965: First computer network • Lawrence Roberts and Thomas Merrill connect a TX-2 at MIT to a Q-32 in Santa Monica, CA • ARPA-funded project • Connected with telephone line – it works, but it’s inefficient and expensive – confirming motivation for packet switching Roberts The ARPANET begins • Roberts joins DARPA (1966), publishes plan for the ARPANET computer network (1967) • December 1968: Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) wins bid to build packet switch, the Interface Message Processor • September 1969: BBN delivers first IMP to Kleinrock’s lab at UCLA An older Kleinrock with the first IMP ARPANET comes alive Stanford Research Institute (SRI) “LO” Oct 29, 1969 UCLA ARPANET grows • Dec 1970: ARPANET Network Control Protocol (NCP) • 1971: Telnet, FTP • 1972: Email (Ray Tomlinson, BBN) • 1979: USENET ARPANET, April 1971 ARPANET to Internet • Meanwhile, other networks such as PRnet, SATNET deveoped • May 1973: Vinton G. Cerf and Robert E. Kahn present first paper on interconnecting networks • Concept of connecting diverse Cerf networks, unreliable datagrams, global addressing, ... • Became TCP/IP Kahn TCP/IP deployment • TCP/IP implemented on mainframes by Application groups at Stanford, BBN, UCL Presentation • David Clark implements it on Xerox Session Alto and IBM PC Transport • 1982: International Organization for Network Standards (ISO) releases Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model Data Link Physical • January 1, 1983: “Flag Day” NCP to TCP/IP transition on ARPANET OSI Reference Model’s layers Growth spurs organic change Mockapetris • Early 1980s: Many new networks: CSNET, BITNET, MFENet, SPAN (NASA), ... • Nov 1983: DNS developed by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris Postel (USC/ISI), Craig Partridge (BBN) • 1984: Hierarchical routing: EGP and IGP (later to become eBGP and iBGP) Partridge Growth from Ethernet • Ethernet: R. Metcalfe and D. Boggs, July 1976 • Spanning Tree protocol: Radia Perlman, 1985 • Made local area networking easy Metcalfe Perlman NSFNET • 1984: NSFNET for US higher education • Serve many users, not just one field • Encourage development of private infrastructure (e.g., initially, backbone required to be used for NSFNET backbone, 1992 Research and Education) • Stimulated investment in commercial long-haul networks • 1990: ARPANET ends • 1995: NSFNET decommissioned Explosive growth! In hosts Explosive growth! In networks (Colors correspond to measurements from different vantage points) Internet forwarding table size Internet forwarding Year [Huston ’10] IPv4 & IPv6 INTERNET TOPOLOGY MAP JANUARY 2009 B S B NTERNET RAPH A S - l e v e l I G a S i n i a n n n g g g J J g a k a a N a k p o I p N k N k o I o k , o a I N a k , r , y r I B r , e B r , T y t i a e , e t a , e T i a h b a , i H S l i b j , S H h T T j , i e i l n I G m I G a a n e m D o g 90E D D 90E i 0E E i g o p 10 80 p 100E 8 D , E B A , 0E E e V e B C , C A V i 0E i l S i E , N 11 a , N 110 , S 70 b e T 70 i l T E d o E a e a b d o W h iv u W a A i u o l h v E D , E l 20 s K 0 o , 1 t 2 I D s 6 u o 1 6 K 0E R 0 t b k E u o R S k , b A R , A U A R E E U 0 0 3 T 3 1 5 1 T 0 o 5 E 0 o k E k y U y o o U A R , Peering: , , J A R J P , w OutDegree P E o L w 0 I c I E o L 4 s , 0 I I 1 4 c 4 o v 1 s , 2457 157 0 i R 4 2697(ERX) v o iv E M T 0 R , E v N A M T l a N A , r e l a a S e r S T y k A d a y T n n k A d U A A , e n n A Z U A v y A e , A , Z E e , y i a A v , , 0 i e r E i a A 5 K U i 2149 58 o 0 r U 1 t 5 K E 3 e I o t r F 1 E e I 0 , 3 r F E P i 0 k , [Huffaker, claffy, P i A n E i A k s n l G i C e B s G 8359(COMSTAR) E l 2914(NTT) , Hyun, Luckie, e H C B a i L H , f P a L o , i F f P S w o , a Lyu, CAIDA] F S s w 1842 50 E r a s O a E U r 0 S , E a E W O S 6 m 0 W , l 1 o m R 2 6 l h o k 4755(TATACOMM) 0 1 c R h T 38809(NXGNET) 2 o k E t A c T 2500(WIDE) , 0 S o t A a R , n 39049304 (Hutchison) E S a n n ie n V ie I V E I 1535 41 D E , 7575(AARNET)7575(AARNET) D 2516(KDDI) in l , r O n li e r B e B E C 8395(COMSTAR) O 8395(COMSTAR) 0 N C O , E 10026(Asia Netcom) o , N 7 sl o O 0 l s 1 E O D 7 1 , P E rt t, D fu 1 ur 0 nk kf ra 1 A an E F Fr 2516(KDDI) 0 1228 33 A E 20485(JSC) E 2697(ERX) ssels, BE Brussels, BE Bru W / 6695(DECIX) R E F W aris, Paris, FR P / 0 E 7714(TelstraClear) 3320(Deutsche3320(Deutsche Telekom)Telekom) 921 25 8 7714(TelstraClear) 1 0 8928(Interoute)8928(Interoute) 0 8 London, UK London, UK 1200(AMSIX)1200(ANSIX) 1 0 702(MCI) 1299(TeliaNet) 5459(LINX) 1273(CW) 3549(GBKX)3549(GBLX) 3356(Level 3) 5459(London IX) 6939(Hurricane) 3257(Tinet) 614 16 3257(Tinet) Du Dub blin l , in, W IE 3549(Global Crossing) IE 0 7 W 1 0 A 701(UUNET) A l 12989(HWNG) l 1 g ge e 7 1239(Sprint) s s, , 0 P PT T 1 W 11537(Internet2) 1 2914(NTT) 0 2914(NTT) W 6453(GLOBEINTERNET) 307 8 2828(XOXO) 12008(Centertgate)12008(Centergate) 6677(ICENET) 6435(LavaNet) LavaNet (6435) W 0 3356(LEVEL3) 3561(Savvis) 6 W 1 2 0 4320(Embratel) 0 6 W 1 0 0 2 0 W S U 7843(Road Runner) , 577(Bell Canada) u S l U lu , u o l n u o l W o H 0 n o 5 1 H W 3 0 0 5 W 1 3 0 W W 0 4 1 4 W 0 0 W 4 S 1 4 0 W S O O U W R 0 R 3 i 1 5 o U T 0 i W W o 0 d 3 1 d H 5 e T 0 e W J J a H a n W 0 n A 2 e 1 e 6 i 0 r M B i W W r o A 0 2 o S u , E A 1 B 6 , 0 B M e W U R B u W n R C 0 , E R 1 I S S 1 e 7 N 0 o e W C I R n U s s A U O W 0 o I , 1 R o S B W 1 , 7 0 A S 0 0 R 1 8 C s W 0 e W E J O o T A s W o 0 U 9 M B i U H A W A g r o n S T s S W O , t , 0 0 1 8 o e e 0 i J W W a C t t S i x o r o s W 0 U 9 s U a a o T t i e S S , n g S t t h r s , U D , w n C s a e a a o n A o o h , U i x , e r i , S i U s w n n a h r A c n i R h o e , U , n n D o , a n a , i a R v t i n r o h e c n U S g C S n n g o t , e n o o a P t a s t g o , v C S e t o A h g o t s S , C u n n o A P o , D o u U e n A , , C o U , S D H U A U H S S S ANALYSIS TEAM .