JOURNAL OF MEDIA SOCIOLOGY EDITED BY MICHAEL R. CHENEY University of Illinois ASSOCIATE EDITOR AMANI ISMAIL The American University in Cairo EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS William Benoit, University of Missouri Joe Blaney, Illinois State University Dominic Caristi, Ball State University Dane Claussen, Point Park University Robin Coleman, University of Michigan Arlene Davila, New York University Michael Delli Carpini, University of Pennsylvania James Ettema, Northwestern University Anthony Ferri, University of Nevada – Las Vegas Jarice Hanson, University of Massachusetts-Amherst Doug Hindman, Washington State University W. A. Kelly Huff, University of Georgia John Jackson, University of Pennsylvania Leo Jeffres, Cleveland State University Justin Lewis, University of Cardiff Wilson Lowrey, University of Alabama Richard Maxwell, Queens College Lisa McLaughln, Miami University Douglas McLeod, University of Wisconsin Eileen Meehan, Southern Illinois University Bruce (Toby) Miller, University of California Riverside Bruce Mims, Southeast Missouri State John Pollock, The College of New Jersey Randall Sumpter, Texas A&M University Phil Tichenor, University of Minnesota Roxanne Varzi, University of California Irvine Vish Viswanath, Harvard University Janet Wasko, University of Oregon Craig Watkins, University of Texas Charles Whitney, University of California Riverside PREVIEW these new and recent titles at www.MarquetteBooks.com James Gillett, A Grassroots History of the HIV/AIDS Tomasz Pludowski (ed.), How the World’s News Epidemic in North America (2011). 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ISBN: 9780-922993-93-2 (cloth); 978-0- 922993-94-9 (paper) Ralph D. Berenger (ed.), Global Media Go to War: Role of Entertainment and News During the 2003 Iraq John Schulz, Please Don’t Do That! The Pocket Guide War (2004). ISBN: 0-922993-10-6 (paper) to Good Writing (2008). ISBN: 978-0-922993-87-1 Melvin L. DeFleur and Margaret H. DeFleur, Hazel Dicken-Garcia and Giovanna Dell’Orto, Hated Learning to Hate Americans: How U.S. Media Shape Ideas and the American Civil War Press (2008). Negative Attitudes Among Teenagers in Twelve ISBN: 978-0-922993-88-8 (paper) Countries (2003). ISBN: 0-922993-05-X R. Thomas Berner, Fundamentals of Journalism: Reporting, Writing and Editing (2007). ISBN: 978-0- 922993-76-5 (paper) www.MarquetteBooks.com JOURNAL OF MEDIA SOCIOLOGY Volume 1, Numbers 3/4 Summer/Fall 2009 CRITICAL ESSAY 135 Anup Kumar Looking Back and Looking Ahead: Journalistic Rules, Social Control, Social Change and Relative Autonomy ARTICLES 160 John J. Davies The Effect of Media Dependency on Voting Decisions 182 Margaret J. Haefner Challenging the -Isms: Gender and Race in Brockmann’s Troubleshooters, Inc. Romance Novels 202 Leo W. Jeffres, Guowei Jian, Edward Horowitz, Cheryl Campanella Bracken, David Atkin, Sukki Yoon Stages of Life: Values, Communication and Civic Engagement 236 Nelly P. Stromquist College Media: Shaping Global Citizenship Through Student Newspapers 261 Amy Schmitz Weiss News Collaboration Through Workgroups: A Case Study of Two Online Newsrooms 280 Ann Strahm Elite Framing of War and Occupation in the U.S. Prestige Press Copyright © 2009, 2010. The authors of each of the articles published in this issue own the copyrights to their works. For permission to reprint, please contact them (see title page for contact information). Journal of Media Sociology (ISSN 1940-9397 print; 1940-9400 online) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that seeks theoretical and empirical manuscripts and book reviews that advance an understanding of media effects and processes on individuals in society. Submission should have a sociological focus, which means a focus on culture, social interaction, social structure, institutions and/or organizations. All theoretical and methodological perspectives are welcomed. All manuscripts undergo blind peer review. JMS is published online and in hard copy form. The online version is open access, which means it is available at no charge to the public. Visit www.MarquetteJournals.org to view the contents of this journal and others. Subscriptions are available for hard copy versions. Visit the www.MarquetteJournals.org Web site for additional information. MANUSCRIPTS SUBMISSION GUIDELINES Exclusivity: All manuscripts should be original and published elsewhere. 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All figures and tables must be Marquette Books LLC formatted to 5.5 inches in width and no more than 8.0 5915 S. Regal St., Suite 118B inches in height. Spokane, Washington 99223-6970 509-443-7047 voice / 509-448-2191 fax Copyright and Production Notes: All works www.MarquetteJournals.org submitted must be original and must not have been [email protected] Critical Essay LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING AHEAD: JOURNALISTIC RULES, SOCIAL CONTROL, SOCIAL CHANGE AND RELATIVE AUTONOMY ANUP KUMAR1 Overwhelming finding in the studies of coverage of social protest has been that the mainstream news media perform a social control function. Past research has shown that participants in social protests are the agents of social change and producers of meaning, whereas, the news media perform social control function by reproducing the meanings working within constraints of the journalistic rules. An alternative view is that social control and social change go hand-in-hand in the news. This interpretive review essay traces the origin of social control thesis in journalism studies and its relationship to journalistic rules.