NO. 4-08-0435 IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT In re Austin M., a Minor THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Petitioner-Appellee, v. AUSTIN M. Respondent-Appellant On appeal from the Circuit Court of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit, Ford County, Illinois (No. 06- JD-17), the Honorable Stephen R. Pacey, Judge Presiding BRIEF OF JUVENILE LAW CENTER; THE LOYOLA CIVITAS CHILDLAW CENTER; THE CHILDREN AND FAMILY JUSTICE CENTER; THE YOUTH LAW CENTER; AND THE NATIONAL JUVENILE DEFENDER CENTER AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF THE RESPONDENT-APPELLANT Marsha L. Levick Robin Walker Sterling, Esq. Riya Saha Shah, Esq. National Juvenile Defender Center Counsel of Record for Amici 1350 Connecticut Avenue NW Juvenile Law Center Suite 304 1315 Walnut St. Washington, DC 20036 Suite 400 Philadelphia, PA 19107 Corene Kendrick, Esq. (215) 625-0551 Youth Law Center 200 Pine Street Bruce Boyer, Esq. Suite 300 Loyola Civitas ChildLaw Center San Francisco, CA 94104 Loyola University Chicago School of Law 25 E. Pearson Simmie Baer, Esq. Chicago, IL 60611 Children and Family Justice Center Bluhm Legal Clinic Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, IL 60611-3069 TABLE OF CONTENTS POINTS AND AUTHORITIES ......................................................................................... ii INTEREST AND IDENTITY OF AMICI ..........................................................................1 STATEMENT OF FACTS ..................................................................................................1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ...........................................................................................2 ARGUMENT.......................................................................................................................3 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................43 APPENDIX A...................................................................................................................A1 i POINTS AND AUTHORITIES I. CHILDREN INVOLVED IN DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS HAVE A WELL-SETTLED RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL THAT MUST NOT BE MATERIALLY DIFFERENT FROM THE RIGHT TO COUNSEL AFFORDED ADULTS IN CRIMINAL TRIALS. A. The Supreme Court’s Decision in In re Gault Affirms the Fundamental Requirement that Children Charged With Acts of Delinquency Are Entitled to the Effective Assistance of Counsel. In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967).........................................................................................3, 5 Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963) .......................................................................3 Kent v. United States, 383 U.S. 541 (1966).................................................................4, 5, 6 Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984) ..................................................................3 In re Beasley, 66 Ill. 2d. 385 (1977) ................................................................................4, 7 In re C.R.H., 163 Ill. 2d 263 (1994).....................................................................................6 In re S.R.H., 96 Ill. 2d 138 (1983) .......................................................................................6 In re A.G., 195 Ill. 2d 313 (2001) ........................................................................................7 In re W.C., 167 Ill. 2d 307 (1995)........................................................................................7 In the Interest of D.L.B., 140 Ill. App. 3d 52 (4th Dist. 1986)..............................................5 In the Interest of S.K., 137 Ill. App. 3d 1065 (2nd Dist. 1985).............................................5 In the Interest of D.S., 122 Ill. App. 3d 326 (1st Dist. 1984)................................................6 People v. Giminez, 23 Ill. App. 3d 583 (3rd Dist. 1974) ......................................................6 705 ILCS 405/1-5 (West 2009)........................................................................................3, 6 705 ILCS 405/5-101 (West 2009)........................................................................................6 705 ILSC 405/5-170 (West 2009)........................................................................................7 Am. Bar Ass’n, et al., Justice Cut Short: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings in Ohio, Chapter 6: ii Recommendations (2003), available at http://www.njdc.info/pdf/Ohio_Assessment.pdf .....................................................4 American Council of Chief Defenders & National Juvenile Defender Center, Ten Core Principles for Providing Quality Delinquency Representation through Indigent Defense Delivery Systems (2005), available at http://www.njdc.info/pdf/10_Core_Principles_2008.pdf ........................................4 Inst. of Judicial Admin. & Am. Bar Ass’n, Juvenile Justice Standards: Standards Relating to Pretrial Court Proceedings (1980) .......................................................4 National Ass’n of Counsel for Children, NACC Policy Agenda: Juvenile Justice Policy, adopted May 17, 1997, available at http://www.naccchildlaw.org/?page=Policy_Agenda ……………………………4 National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards, Juvenile Justice Standards Relating to Interim Status (1980), Standard 7.6C...................................4 National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, Juvenile Delinquency Guidelines: Improving Court Practice in Juvenile Delinquency Cases, 25 (2005), available at www.ncfcj.org/content/view/411/411/....................................4 Patricia Puritz, et al, Am. Bar Ass’n Juvenile Justice Center, A Call for Justice: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings (1995).............................................................................4 B. As Juvenile Courts Have Become More Punitive, There is a Greater Need to Ensure Zealous Representation for Youth Accused of Delinquent Offenses. In re Beasley, 66 Ill. 2d 385 (1977) .....................................................................................9 In re W.C. 167 Ill. 2d 307 (1995).........................................................................................9 In re A.G. 195 Ill. 2d 313 (2001) .........................................................................................9 In re Samantha V., 2009 WL 3063430 (Ill. 2009)...............................................................9 705 ILCS 405/5-101 (West 2009)........................................................................................9 Pub. Act 50-950 (1999)........................................................................................................9 Ala. Code § 12-15-101 (2009)...........................................................................................10 Alaska. Stat. § 47.05.060 (2009)........................................................................................10 iii Cal. Wel. & Inst. Code § 202 (Deering 2009) ...................................................................10 Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-121h (2008)..................................................................................10 D.C. Code Ann. § 16-2301.02 (LexisNexis 2009) ............................................................10 Fla. Stat. Ann. § 985.02 (LexisNexis 2009) ......................................................................10 Hawaii Rev. Stat. Ann. § 571-1 (LexisNexis 2009) ..........................................................10 Idaho Code Ann. § 20-501 (2009) .....................................................................................10 Ind. Code Ann. § 31-10-2-1 (LexisNexis 2009)................................................................10 Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 600.010 (LexisNexis 2009) ............................................................10 Md. Code Ann., Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-802 (LexisNexis 2009) .........................................10 Mass. Gen. Laws. Ann. Ch. 119 § 53 (LexisNexis 2009) .................................................10 Minn. Stat. § 242.18 (2009)...............................................................................................10 Mont. Code Ann. § 41-5-102 (2009) .................................................................................10 N.J. Rev. Stat. § 2A:4A-21 (2009).....................................................................................10 N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1500 (2009) .....................................................................................10 Or. Rev. Stat. § 419C.001 (2007) ......................................................................................10 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 6301 (2009) ..............................................................................10 Tex. Fam. Code. Ann. § 51.01 (Vernon 2009) ..................................................................10 Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 13.40.010 (LexisNexis 2009)....................................................10 W. Va. Code Ann. § 49-5-13 (LexisNexis 2009) ..............................................................10 Wis. Stat. § 938.01 (2009) .................................................................................................10 Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 14-6-201 (2009) ...................................................................................10 Jay D. Blitzman, Gault’s Promise, 9 Barry L. Rev.