Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) Project Country Report – Household Survey Characterization of Maize Producing Households in Manyoni and Chamwino Districts in Tanzania Anna Temu, Appolinary Manyama, Charles Mgeni, Augustine Langyintuo and Betty Waized The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, known by its Spanish acronym, CIMMYT® (www.cimmyt.org), is an international, not-for-profit research and training organization. With partners in over 100 countries, the center works to sustainably increase the productivity of maize and wheat systems to ensure global food security and reduce poverty. The center's outputs and services include improved maize and wheat varieties and cropping systems, the conservation of maize and wheat genetic resources, and capacity building. CIMMYT belongs to and is funded by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) (www.cgiar.org) and also receives support from national governments, foundations, development banks, and other public and private agencies. CIMMYT is particularly grateful for the generous, unrestricted funding that has kept the center strong and effective over many years. The Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) project is jointly being implemented by CIMMYT and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Its funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Howard G. Buffett Foundation. The project is part of a broad partnership also involving national agricultural research and extension systems, seed companies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and advanced research institutes, together known as the DTMA Initiative. Its activities build on longer-term support by other donors, including the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and the Eiselen Foundation. The project aims to develop and disseminate drought tolerant, high-yielding, locally-adapted maize varieties and to reach 30–40 million people in sub-Saharan Africa with these varieties in 10 years. © International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) 2011. All rights reserved. The designations employed in the presentation of materials in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CIMMYT or its contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. CIMMYT encourages fair use of this material. Proper citation is requested. Correct citation: Temu, A., A. Manyama, C. Mgeni, A. Langyintuo and B. Waized. 2011. Characterization of Maize Producing Households in Manyoni and Chamwino Districts in Tanzania. Country Report – Tanzania. Nairobi: CIMMYT. This report is presented without a thorough peer review with the main purpose of making data and information rapidly available to research teams and partners in the DTMA project and for use in developing future, peer-reviewed publications. Readers are invited to send comments directly to the corresponding author(s). The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect opinions of CIMMYT, Sokoine University, other partners, or donors. ii Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) Project Country Report – Household Survey Characterization of Maize Producing Households in Manyoni and Chamwino Districts in Tanzania Anna Temu¹*, Appolinary Manyama¹, Charles Mgeni1, Augustine Langyintuo² and Betty Waized¹ December 2011 ¹Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania ²International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Harare Zimbabwe; present affiliation: Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), Nairobi, Kenya *Corresponding Author: Tel: +255-75-5534436; e-mail: [email protected] Contents Tables ........................................................................................................................................ v Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. vi Foreword and acknowledgement ............................................................................................vii 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 2 Materials and Method ........................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Sampling and data collection ........................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Agro-climatic characterizations of survey locations ..................................................................... 2 2.3 Data analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2.3.1 Principal component analysis .......................................................................................................... 2 2.3.2 Logistic regression .......................................................................................................................... 3 3 Household Characteristics ................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Categorizing household access to capital assets ........................................................................... 5 3.2 Human capital .................................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Natural capital .................................................................................................................................... 6 3.4 Physical capital ................................................................................................................................... 7 3.5 Financial capital ................................................................................................................................. 7 3.6 Social capital ....................................................................................................................................... 7 4 Household livelihood strategies ........................................................................................ 8 4.1 Crop production ................................................................................................................................ 8 4.2 Livestock production ........................................................................................................................ 9 4.3 Threats and constraints affecting livelihood strategies ................................................................ 9 5 Technology use in crop production ................................................................................. 10 5.1 Maize input and seed use ............................................................................................................... 10 5.2 Determinants of adoption of improved maize varieties ............................................................ 12 6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 14 References ................................................................................................................................ 15 iv Tables Table 1: Categorization of capital assets covered in survey instrument ............................................................ 5 Table 2: Distribution of households by wealth categories .................................................................................. 6 Table 3: Type of dwelling used by surveyed households (n=151) ..................................................................... 7 Table 4: Main sources of institutional support to households ........................................................................... 7 Table 5: Determinants of cultivated farm size ...................................................................................................... 8 Table 6: Dynamics of cultivated farm size (% households) ................................................................................ 9 Table 7: Month when households were food insecure ........................................................................................ 9 Table 8: Number of months when households were food insecure ................................................................. 9 Table 9: Seed quantity purchased 2007/8 by variety by district (Kg) ............................................................ 11 Table 10: Farmer’s reported sources of seed bought (counts) ......................................................................... 11 Table 11: Factors considered for maize variety selection (% hh reporting) ................................................... 11 Table 12: Variables used in analyzing the factors affecting adoption .............................................................. 12 Table 13: Determinants of adoption of improved maize variety ..................................................................... 13 v Acronyms DFID : Department for International Development (United Kingdom) DTMA: Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa Hh : Household MEU : Man-Equivalent Units MT : Metric ton NGOs : Non-Governmental