CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Louisiana State University Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons Reports Social Research and Evaluation Center 9-2019 Louisiana-Recognized Native American Tribal Needs Assessment: Understanding the Perceptions, Resources, and Challenges Involving Opioid Use Disorder Judith L. Rhodes Kandra Colomb Jada Thomas-Smith Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/srec_reports Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Louisiana-Recognized Native American Tribal Needs Assessment Understanding the Perceptions, Resources, and Challenges Involving Opioid Use Disorder Year 1 Report September 2019 Prepared by: Judith Rhodes, PhD, LMSW Kandra Colomb, MBA Jada Thomas-Smith, MSW, LMSW Acknowledgments Prepared by: Social Research and Evaluation Center (SREC) Louisiana State University College of Human Sciences and Education 313 Hatcher Hall Baton Rouge, LA 70803 [email protected] Authors: Judith L. F. Rhodes, PhD, LMSW Kandra Colomb, MBA Jada Thomas-Smith, MSW, LMSW This report was produced on behalf of the Louisiana Department of Health’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) State Opioid Response (LaSOR) Grant (FY 2018). Suggested citation: Rhodes, J. L. F., Colomb, K., Thomas-Smith, J. (2019). Louisiana-recognized Native American tribal needs assessment: Understanding the perceptions, resources, and challenges involving opioid use disorder. Baton Rouge, LA: Social Research and Evaluation Center. 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgments………………………….…………………………………………1 Executive Summary…………………………………………………………….........3 Purpose………………………………………………………………………………...3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….4 Background and Historical Context…………………………………………………4 Methods and Data Sources………………………………………………………….6 Understanding Louisiana Tribal Needs………………………………………........7 Findings………………………………………………………………………………..8 Nature and Impact of OUD in Native American Communities…………………………………………………………………..8 Prevention…………………………………………………………………….10 Treatment and Recovery……………………………………………………10 Solutions and Insights……………………………………………………….11 Gaps and Risks………………………………………………………….…...12 Additional Observations……………………………………………………………..13 Immediate Impacts……………………………………………………………..……13 References………………………………………………………………………..….15 Appendices……………………………………………………………………...……16 A. Tribal Needs Assessment Plan……………………………………16 B. LaSOR Data Collection Summary Chart………………………….17 C. Isle de Jean Charles Band of Biloxi-Chitimacha- Choctaw………............................................................................19 2 Louisiana-Recognized Native American Tribal Needs Assessment: Understanding the Perceptions, Resources, and Challenges involving Opioid Use Disorder Year One Report Executive Summary The Social Research and Evaluation Center (SREC) at the Louisiana State University, College of Human Sciences and Education engaged Louisiana-recognized tribes to investigate their perceptions, resources, and challenges around the Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) crisis in their communities. The outreach and investigative process resulted in attending tribal council meetings, conducting key stakeholder interviews, and administering tribal listening sessions. The discussions and listening sessions facilitated open dialogue about the nature of OUD, prevention, treatment, and recovery as well as identification of strengths and challenges experienced by tribal communities. Tribal citizens reported limited knowledge about help for those experiencing addiction. Knowledge of resources was limited, and misinformation was also revealed. Tribal citizens reported little to no cultural practices that could assist those dealing with addiction. Tribal citizens listed an array of root causes contributing to addiction in their communities including historical and generational trauma. The interactions for this project with Native American citizens opened new channels of communication and established rapport among tribal citizens and the SREC research team to better understand the impact of OUD and identify appropriate solutions. Purpose The purpose of this needs assessment is to gain information about the OUD crisis in Louisiana related to the state-recognized Native American tribes. Information about the nature and extent of OUD, activities regarding prevention and treatment, and gaps and barriers are investigated. This needs assessment better informs service providers as well as policy and decision-makers on how to address the OUD crisis among Louisiana's state-recognized Native American tribes. 3 Introduction For the Louisiana State Opioid Response (LaSOR) Grant, the Social Research and Evaluation Center (SREC) at the Louisiana State University, College of Human Sciences and Education engaged Louisiana state-recognized tribes to identify and address awareness and needs surrounding Louisiana’s OUD crisis, specifically tribal needs around opiate prevention, treatment, and recovery. Louisiana has four federally recognized tribes (e.g., Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana, Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana, Jena Band of Choctaw, and Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana), but the focus of the investigation into LaSOR tribal concerns incorporates the 11 state-recognized tribes. The 11 tribes are: • Adai Caddo Indians of Louisiana • Bayou Lafourche Band of Biloxi Chitimacha Confederation of Muskogees (BCCM) • Choctaw-Apache Tribe of Ebarb • Clifton Choctaw Tribe of Louisiana • Four Winds Cherokee • Grand Caillou/Dulac Band of BCCM • Isle de Jean Charles Band of BCCM • Louisiana Band of Choctaw • Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana • Point au Chien Tribe • United Houma Nation For this report, only the United Houma Nation (UHN) initially agreed to participate in this investigative process; however, the Isle de Jean Charles Band of BCCM has recently decided to participate in listening sessions. An addendum report will be submitted to incorporate information gained from the pending tribal listening sessions. Background and Historical Context Researchers at SREC initially contacted the Office of Indian Affairs (OIA) within the Office of the Governor. The OIA “seeks to enhance the individual and collective communities of indigenous people in Louisiana by serving as a resource and referral agent for Louisiana Native Americans and tribes seeking assistance navigating local, state, and national policies” (Office of the Governor, 2019). The director of OIA, Ms. Patricia Arnould, is a citizen of UHN. The OIA serves as a resource for Louisiana Native American constituents. Ms. Arnould received information about the LaSOR program with an emphasis on the tribal needs assessment component. SREC worked in tandem 4 with Ms. Arnold to contact tribal leadership among the 11 tribes. Additional contacts resulted from known individuals in Terrebonne and Lafourche Parishes who had working relationships with local tribal community members. For a year, the same tribal members were identified as key stakeholders, who facilitated meetings and listening sessions. Louisiana state-recognized tribes. Louisiana state-recognized tribes are non- profit organizations, registered with the Louisiana Secretary of State, that have primarily been recognized as a result of Louisiana legislative actions. The Louisiana legislature granted these designations on behalf of constituents with Native American self- identities. The groups have various levels of organization, and historically many groups do not trust outsiders. These groups have been traditionally difficult to engage. Interviews with stakeholders reinforced observations that the SREC researchers noted in the tribal council meetings. Organization efforts for federal recognition have dominated much of the tribal efforts, which have created challenges when dealing with other tribal issues. While interactions with tribal groups revealed that the tribal members are aware of the myriad problems confronting tribal members, no work is being conducted around the opioid crisis. There have been efforts around five tribes for federal recognition, and they are part of the Intertribal Council in Louisiana. These groups were associated with UHN in the past and have divided into the BCCM groups. The five tribes are: 1. Bayou Lafourche Band of BCCM 2. Grand Caillou/Dulac Band of BCCM 3. Isle de Jean Charles Band of BCCM 4. Point au Chien Tribe 5. United Houma Nation To date, SREC has engaged two of the tribes: the UHN and recently, the Isle de Jean Charles Band of BCCM. Members of both of these tribal communities primarily live near Houma, Louisiana, and in lower Terrebonne Parish areas. Both tribes have many members who work in the oil and gas industry, often offshore, and in the commercial fishing industry. United Houma Nation. UHN is a political community with 501(c)(3) status. UHN tribal members are referred to as citizens. The UHN has been working on federal 5 recognition since 1979 and was denied federal recognition in 1994. The U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs acknowledges that the UHN is an authentic tribe; however, none of the individuals who claim membership are recognized as part of the UHN tribe because they have not proven that they are descendants of the original tribal members (personal communication, May 22, 2019. The tribal membership rolls are closed as a perceived prerequisite to the next application for federal designation, but the rolls were briefly opened sometime between 2008-2011. There are much tension and controversy about reopening the rolls for membership. Recently, UHN entered