RAJOELIARISOA Hanta Virginie

RAJOELIARISOA Hanta Virginie

UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE C.E.R LANGUE ET LETTRES MALAGASY MEMOIRE DE CAPEN Présenté par : RAJOELIARISOA Hanta Virginie NY AKON’ NY ZAVA- NISY ARA- TANTARA EO NY TANTARA FORONINA MALAGASY NOTSOAHINA TAO AMIN’ NY GAZETY IMONGO VAOVAO TEO ANELANELAN’ NY TAONA 1968 - 1972 Directeur de recherche: RATREMA William Date de soutenance : 21 Septembre 2012 Antananarivo 2012 i TENY FISAORANA Alohan’ny hanolorana ny vokatry ny asa fikarohana dia tsy hainay ny hangina, tsy haneho fisaorana ho an’ ireo rehetra nifanome tanana sy nandray anjara tamin’ny fanatontosana ity asa ity. Voalohany dia ilay Zanahary avo indrindra izay nanome anay hery sy tanjaka ary fahasalamana ka nahatontosa izao asa fikarohana izao. Manaraka izany dia isaorana ianao Andriamatoa RAHARIJAONA Alphonse, nanaiky am- pahatsorana hitarika ny fitsarana izao asa izao. Fantatray tokoa ny adidy aman’ andraikitra sahaninao, nefa tsy nanosi- bohon- tanana ny fiangavianay ianao. Andriamanitra ilay manan- karem- pahasoavana anie handrotsaka ny andon’ny lanitra sy ny tsiron’ny tany ho eo aminao sy ny ankohonanao. Toloranay fankasitrahana feno ihany koa ianao Andriamatoa RANDRIAMAHAZO Jean Claude, nanaiky am- pitiavana hitsara izao asa fikarohana izao. Hangidy lavitry ny faty anie ianareo mianakavy ary ho mamy sitraky ny soa. Fankatelemana ombam- pirariantsoa no atolotray an’ Andriamatoa RATREMA William, nanaiky nitarika anay nandritra ny fotoana nanatontosana izao asa fikarohana izao. Tsy nitandro hasasarana ianao ary tsy nanilikilika anay na teo aza ny fitavozavozanay tamin’ny fanatontosana izao asa izao. Sitraka enti- matory ny vitanao tompoko ka hovaliana raha mahatsiaro Manaraka izany dia toloranay fisaorana feno ihany koa ny mpampianatra rehetra ao amin’ny Sampana Teny Malagasy, namolavola anay nandritra ny taona maro niofananay teto amin’ny sekoly. Andriamanitra ilay tompon’ny fiadanana anie hamaly soa anareo. Farany dia tsy adinoina tapaka sy namana, ny fianakaviana manontolo izay nifanome tanana taminay ka nahatratrarana izao dingana farany izao ii FIZAHAN- TAKILA 0-TENY FAMPIDIRANA ................................................................................................. 1 0.1-Ny sehatra nirotsahana ................................................................................................. 1 0.2-Ny anton’ny safidy ....................................................................................................... 1 0.3-Ny tsikera nampiasaina ................................................................................................. 3 0.4-Ny tanjona sy ny haitsikera ........................................................................................... 5 0.5-Ny fetran’ny asa ........................................................................................................... 6 0.6-Ny drafitra amin’ny ankapobeny ................................................................................... 6 FIZARANA I: NYSEHATRA NIVELARAN’ NY TANTARA FORONINA ............... 7 I. - MOMBA NY GAZETY IMONGO VAOVAO .................................................... 8 1.1-Ny tantaran’ny gazety Imongo vaovao sy ny fivoarany hatramin’ny 1972 .................. 8 1.1.1-Ny niandohany .................................................................................................. 8 1.1.2-Ny anton’ny anarana hoe “ IMONGO VAOVAO” ........................................... 10 1.1.3-Ny fivoarany ..................................................................................................... 11 1.1.4-Ny tanjona kendren’ny gazety Imongo vaovao .................................................. 12 1.2-Ireo karazan-dahatsoratra nivoaka tao amin’ny gazety Imongo Vaovao ........................ 15 1.2.1-Lahatsoratra momba ny fiainam- piarahamonina ............................................... 15 1.2.1.1-Lahatsoratra mikasika ny politika ................................................... 15 1.2.1.2-Lahatsoratra momba ny toe- karena .................................................... 17 1.2.1.3-Lahatsoratra momba ny sosialy ........................................................... 18 1.2.2-Lahatsoratra momba ny teny sy ny literatiora malagasy ..................................... 20 1.2.2.1-Lahatsoratra momba ny teny malagasy .............................................. 20 1.2.2.2-Lahatsoratra momba ny literatiora....................................................... 22 II. FANADIHADIANA NY ZAVA- NISY ARA- TANTARA ................................... 25 2.1-Ny zava-nisy nanamarika ny vanim- potoana 1939- 1960 ............................................. 26 2.1.1-Tany ivelany ..................................................................................................... 26 2.1.2-Teto Madagasikara ............................................................................................ 27 2.1.2.1-Teo amin’ny lafiny politika ............................................................... 28 2.1.2.2-Teo amin’ny lafiny teo-karena ............................................................ 30 2.1.2.3-Teo amin’ny lafiny sosialy sy ny kolontsaina ...................................... 31 iii 2.2-Ny zava-nisy nanamarika ny vanim_ potoana 1960- 1972 ............................................ 32 2.2.1-Tany ivelany ..................................................................................................... 32 2.2.2-Teto Madagasikara ............................................................................................ 33 2.2.2.1-Ny zava- nisy ara - politika ............................................................. 33 2.2.2.2-Ny zava- nisy teo amin’ny toe- karena ................................................ 35 2.2.2.3-Ny zava-nisy teo amin’ny sehatry ny fiarahamonina sy ny kolontsaina ..................................................................................................... 36 FIZARANA II- NY ENDRIKA IVELAN’ NY TANTARA FORONINA SY NY VONTOATINY ................................................................................................................. 39 I. NY ENDRIKA IVELANY ...................................................................................... 40 1.1-Ny toerana .................................................................................................................... 40 1.1.1-Ny fomba fanehoana ny toerana ........................................................................ 41 1.1.1.1-Toerana tsy nasiana fanoritsoritana .................................................... 41 1.1.1.2-Toerana narahina fanoritsoritana ......................................................... 42 1.1.1.3-Toerana voafaritra ara- geografia ........................................................ 43 1.2-Ny fotoana ................................................................................................................... 47 1.2.1-Ny fotoana isehoan’ny tantara ........................................................................... 47 1.2.1.1-Ireo tantara nahitana vanim- potoana mazava ...................................... 48 1.2.1.2-Ny fotoana tarafina amin’ny toe- javatra ao amin’ny tantara ............... 48 1.2.2-Ny faharetan’ny fotoana .................................................................................... 51 1.2.3-Ny filaharan’ny zavatra tantaraina ..................................................................... 54 1.2.3.1-Ny tantara mirazotra ........................................................................... 54 1.2.3.2-Ny tantara tsy manaraka ny toe- javatra tantaraina ny fomba fitantarana ...................................................................................................... 56 1.3-Ny mpandray anjara ...................................................................................................... 58 1.3.1-Ny anarana sy ny sokajin’ny mpandray anjara ................................................... 59 1.3.1.1-Ny anarana ......................................................................................... 59 1.3.1.2-Ny sokajy nametrahana ny mpandray anjara ....................................... 62 1.3.2-Ny toetra natafy ny mpandray anjara ................................................................. 65 1.3.2.1-Ny toetra ivelany ................................................................................ 65 1.3.2.2-Ny toetra anatiny ................................................................................ 67 iv 1.3.3-Ny fomba nenti- nandoko ny mpandray anjara .................................................. 70 1.3.3.1-Ny mpitantara ivelan’ny zavatra tantaraina ......................................... 71 1.3.3.2-Ny mpitantara dia ny mpandray anjara ihany ...................................... 73 II-NY FOMBA FANEHOAN- KEVITRA ......................................................................... 75 2.1-Ny voambolana............................................................................................................. 75 2.1.1-Ny voambolana malagasy madio ....................................................................... 76 2.1.2-Ny voambolana frantsay .................................................................................... 76 2.1.3-Ny voambolana frantsay nogasina .................................................................... 77 2.1.4-Ny voambolana kristianina ................................................................................ 78 2.2-Ny fomba fanoratra ......................................................................................................

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