Uppsala University logotype SAMINT-STS; 21002 Degree project 15 credits June 2021 The future of hydrogen in Region Uppsala A case study of an electrolyser as a node in the district heating network Vilma Grehn, Fredrik Munters & Lovisa Stenhammar Master of Science Programme in Sociotechnical Systems Engineering (STS) Master of Science Programme in Sociotechnical Systems Engineering (STS) Uppsala University logotype The future of hydrogen in Uppsala Vilma Grehn, Fredrik Munters & Lovisa Stenhammar Abstract This report aims to analyse how an electrolyser would benefit Region Uppsala in the transition to a more sustainable society and where it would be most beneficial to place it. The studied locations for placement were in Uppsala, Storvreta and Knivsta. The possibilities of how the residual products oxygen and residual heat could be utilized from the electrolysis process is investigated. The economic calculation includes incomes and expenses of all components in the electrolysis process on a yearly basis and on a 15-years period. The climate calculation includes the reduction of CO2-equivalent emissions when using the waste heat from the electrolyser into the district heating network. Since Uppsala got the bus storage in Kungsängen which makes it possible to utilize the hydrogen, the solar park which makes the electricity cheaper and a district heating network that can utilize the residual heat, it seems like Uppsala is the most beneficial place to build a hydrogen fuel station. Faculty of Science and Technology, Uppsala University. Uppsala. Supervisor: Marcus Nystrand, SuBject reader: Fel! Hittar inte referenskälla., Examiner: Joakim Widén Faculty of Science and Technology Uppsala University, Uppsala Supervisor: Marcus Nystrand Subject reader: Lukas Dahlström Examiner: Joakim Widén Preface This study is a bachelor thesis from the Master of Science Programme in Sociotechnical Systems Engineering profiling on Energy systems at Uppsala University written in year 2021. The project is an order from Region Uppsala in a close collaboration with Uppsala University and STUNS Energy Stories. We would like to thank our supervisor Lukas Dahlström at Uppsala University who has been supportive and helpful through the project, it has been invaluable. Also, we want to thank Marcus Nystrand and Mikael Åhlman at Region Uppsala for sharing your great knowledge with us. Many thanks to the people who have lined up for interviews and helped us do this project in the best possible way. Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Research questions ............................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Delimitations and limitations ................................................................................................... 4 2. Background ................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 About electrolysers ................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1 Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis ................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Alkaline electrolyser ....................................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Solid oxide electrolyser .................................................................................................. 6 2.2 About hydrogen ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Hydrogen as fuel in transportation ................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 Other uses of hydrogen ................................................................................................. 7 2.2.3 Hydrogen politics ........................................................................................................... 8 2.3 About district heating .............................................................................................................. 9 3. Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 10 3.1 Model description ................................................................................................................. 10 3.2 Case study ........................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Uppsala ....................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.2 Storvreta and Knivsta .................................................................................................. 13 3.3 Data ...................................................................................................................................... 14 3.3.1 Economic Data ............................................................................................................ 14 3.3.2 District heating Data .................................................................................................... 16 3.3.3 Transport sector Data .................................................................................................. 16 3.4 Calculations .......................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.1 Electrolyser calculations .............................................................................................. 19 3.4.2 Economic calculations ................................................................................................. 20 3.4.3 Climate calculations ..................................................................................................... 21 3.4.4 Transport sector calculations ....................................................................................... 21 3.5 Sensitivity analysis ............................................................................................................... 22 4. Results ....................................................................................................................................... 23 4.1 Electrolyser as a node in the district heating network .......................................................... 23 4.1.1 Storvreta ...................................................................................................................... 24 4.1.2 Knivsta ......................................................................................................................... 25 4.1.3 Uppsala ....................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Economic calculations .......................................................................................................... 28 4.3 Vehicles ................................................................................................................................ 29 1 4.4 Oxygen ................................................................................................................................. 30 4.5 Safety ................................................................................................................................... 32 5. Sensitivity analysis ................................................................................................................... 32 5.1 Different price of hydrogen ................................................................................................... 32 5.2 Residual heat ....................................................................................................................... 34 5.3 Oxygen ................................................................................................................................. 36 5.4 Solar plant ............................................................................................................................ 37 5.5 Investment support ............................................................................................................... 38 5.6 Bus economy ....................................................................................................................... 40 6. Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 41 6.1 Locations .............................................................................................................................. 41 6.2 Hydrogen usage in the transport sector ............................................................................... 43 6.2.1 The market .................................................................................................................. 43 6.2.2 Buses ........................................................................................................................... 44 6.2.3 Other vehicles .............................................................................................................. 45 6.3 Oxygen ................................................................................................................................