1 Identifying 35mm Films To identify Formats go to Page 33 By START To identify Formats go to Page 33 Brian R Pritchard © 2011 Go to Page 10 Is the image NO Go to Page 10 Black and White? Meaning of Symbols Meaning of Symbols YES Go to Page 2 Go to Page 2 Version 3.2 Jan 2013 2 Black and White Return to Start START Return to Start Is Image Go to Page 9 NO Go to Page 9 Positive Go to Page 3 YES NO Go to Page 3 Go to Page 15 To check Does it have Does the film clear perforation YES have edge numbers perforations area in black and neg perforations Go to Page 5 Go to Page 5 NO YES Go to Page 13 Go to Page 13 Is the Go to Page 4 Go to Page 4 NO perforation YES area black Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 3 Return to Start Black and White Positive Return to Start Is there NO picture only? Go to Page 30 Is there YES Go to Page 30 sound only? YES Is there more NO than one image NO per frame? Does it occupy the complete NO Combined Print area between the perforations? Go to Page 26 YES Go to Page 26 YES Go to Page 6 for Sound track Identification Mute Print Go to Page 6 for Sound track Identification Go to Page 21 for further identification Silent Print Go to Page 21 for further identification Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 Return to Start 4 Black and White Reversal Positive Return to Start Is there NO picture only? Is there YES sound only? Sound Print YES Go to Page 6 for Sound track Identification Go to Page 6 for Sound track Identification Does it occupy the complete NO NO Combined Reversal Print area between the perforations? If the maximum density is low For further and the print reads through information the base it could be a direct on Reversal positve print. Used to make YES prints 'slash dupes' and dubbing prints From cutting copies Go to Page 34 Silent Reversal Print Mute Reversal Print Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 5 Return to Start Duplicating Positives Return to Start Is the base Fine Grain Lavender or Blue NO Duplicating Positive YES Lavender Fine Grain Note printed Duplicating Positive through (White) Edge numbers From original negative Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 6 Return to Start Positive Sound Tracks Return to Start Is the track NO Go to Page 7 Variable Area Go to Page 7 Negative tracks are black where the positive are white and white where they are black YES Twin Bilateral Negative track Twin Unilateral Single Bilateral Unilateral Negative with shutter noise reduction Dolby encoded Stereo Bilateral Multi-hump Class B Push-Pull Twin Bilateral with centre septum Photophone noise reduction Visatone Leevers-Rich Twin Unilateral Class A Push-Pull Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 7 Return to Start Sound Tracks Return to Start Is the track Go to Page 8 NO Go to Page 8 Variable Density Twin Squeezed Variable Density YES Variable Density on tinted Variable Density stock Gasparcolor Variable Density Technicolor Variable Density Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 8 Return to Start Return to Start Digital Tracks SDDS Digital Track Control Track Analogue Dolby Stereo Dolby Digital SDDS Digital Track Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 9 B/W Negative Return to Start Return to Start Does it have Does it have NO NO Sound Negative picture only? Picture and Sound? YES YES Combined Negative Go to Page 6 for Sound track Identification Go to Page 6 for Sound track Identification Does it occupy Is there more the complete than area between NO one image in the perforations? a frame? Go to Page 26 YES Go to Page 26 Silent Negative YES NO Mute Negative Go to Page 23 for further identification Go to Page 23 for further identification Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 10 Return to Start Colour Return to Start Is Image Go to Page 11 NO Positive Go to Page 11 YES Does it have Clear Perforation YES Go to Page 24 Area Go to Page 24 Go to Page 18 Go to Page 18 NO Is the Go to Page 27 NO Perforation YES Go to Page 27 area Black Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 Return to Start 11 Return to Start Is the Is the Does it have Perforation NO Perforation YES NO a sound track? area Black? area Orange? NO YES YES Colour Negative Does it have YES a sound track? Colour Reversal Intermediate NO Go to Page 17 Go to Page 17 Positive stock used as a leader when making a colour Combined negative colour Internegative Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 Return to Start 12 Colour Positive Return to Start Is there NO picture only? Is there YES Sound Print sound only? YES Go to Page 6 for Sound track Identification Go to Page 6 for Sound track Identification NO Does it occupy the complete NO area between Combined Print the perforations? Go to Page 14 for identitication using soundtrack Go to Page 14 for identitication using soundtrack Go to Page 20 for identifying two colour systems YES Go to Page 20 for identifying two colour systems Silent Print Mute Print Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 Return to Start 13 Perforation Area Coloured Return to Start Image goes from colour to black Image goes from colour Are the darkest of tint NO (perforation area) densities coloured? to colour of tone (densest areas) YES Tinted Print Tinted and Toned Print Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 Return to Start 14 Identification using sound tracks Return to Start Is the sound track Technicolor and any edge Print printing YES Black and White? NO Likely to be a non-substantive colour system; possibly Is the track Is the track Gasparcolor, Dufaycolor black or NO Neutral/Brown? NO or a two colour system dark blue? Such as Cinecolor YES YES Colour print Colour print Eastman, Agfa Orwo or Sovcolor Fuji Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 15 Return to Start Perforations Return to Start Neg Pos Cinemascope Pathe or DH Perforations or Perforations or CS Perforations BH Perforations KS Perforations Early Perforations Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 16 Return to Start Return to Start Note Blue Track and Pink Perforations Check The Dufaycolor reseau For is a series of crossed red, green and blue lines Reseau Dufaycolor Print Cinecolor Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 Return to Start 17 Return to Start Can you see YES a reseau? Dufaycolor Negative Note the base NO is clear. This sample the image has faded to magenta Enlargement of the reseau Unmasked Negative The Dufaycolor reseau is a series of crossed red, green and blue lines Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 Return to Start 18 Colour Interpos Return to Start Is the image Go to Page 13 NO Go to Page 13 in colour? YES Go to Page 15 Go to Page 15 to Does it have check perforations original black Go to Page 16 NO Go to Page 16 edge numbers and neg perforations? YES Colour Interpositive Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 19 Return to Start Return to Start Legend Decision Box Additional Information About the illustrations Hyperlink to Hyperlink to Hyperlink Advice for return to start Hyperlink return to start further Identification Film Type Identified Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 20 Return to Start Return to Start Two Colour Systems using tones (dye and metallic) Duplex Technicolor (2 colour) Look for traces of the two colours around the frame or in and around the perforations Technicolor (2 colour) Dascolor Check also for duplex films – those with emulsion on both sides Cinecolor Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 21 Return to Start Further Identification of B/W Positives Return to Start Are adjacent YES frames identical? Are there two or three rolls that are identical Separation Positives but with density YES differences for the colours? Look for differences Go to Page 22 for further identification in densities of Go to Page 22 for further identification things such as trees or here, the colour NO of the parrot NO Go to Page 29 Go to Page 29 Kinemacolor Friese-Green Lee-Turner 3 Colour Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 22 Return to Start Separation Positives Return to Start Do they have Technicolor NO Separation Positives CMY Logos? YES Red Green and Blue Separation Positives Technicolor Protection Masters If the matrices have been used there will be traces of Yellow, Cyan and Magenta dye left in the emulsion Are the separations YES of normal density? NO Technicolor RGB Matrices Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 23 Return to Start Further Identification of B/W Negatives Return to Start Are adjacent YES frames identical? Are there two or three rolls that are identical Separation Negatives but with density YES differences for the colours? Look for differences in densities of Go to Page 25 for further identification things such as trees Go to Page 25 for further identification NO or here, the colour NO of the parrot Note the density differences between the frames and that alternate frames are inverted. Also because the frames are shot in pairs the different framelines Go to Page 31 Go to Page 31 Check page 25 if the negative might be an orphan Separation negative Kinemacolor Lee-Turner Technicolor system 2 colour sequential 3 Colour Sequential 2 colour red and green Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 24 Return to Start Toned Prints Return to Start Is the image in colour? (Is there more YES Go to Page 12 Go to Page 12 than 1 colour?) Edge printing, NO Stock manufacturer for example, will also be the same colour Toning can either be metallic or dye toned Toned Print Copyright © Brian Pritchard 2011 25 Return to Start Return to Start B/W Separation Negatives Technicolor Three Strip YES Camera Negatives Are there ink edge Do you have YES numbers in the track three records? Area? Technicolor three strip camera negatives have an ink edge number printed in the sound track area and the red record will read through the emulsion, the blue and green through the base NO NO Separation Negatives Look for information on the leader that might identify for example a red separation negative.