Vestlandsforskingsrapport nr. 9/2008 Exit War, Enter Climate Institutional change and the introduction of climate adaptation in Norway’s public system of civil protection Idun A. Husabø Vestlandsforsking, Pb 163, 6851 Sogndal • Tlf.: 57 67 61 50 • Faks: 57 67 61 90 | page 2 WNRI Report Title Report No. 9/2008 Exit War, Enter Climate? Institutional change and the introduction of Date 1 December 2008 climate adaptation in Norway’s public system of civil protection Restrictions Open Project title Pages 86 CIVILCLIM Project No. 6065 Researcher(s) Project leader Idun A. Husabø Carlo Aall Contractors Keywords The Research Council of Norway Civil protection, climate effects, climate change, climate planning, climate vulnerability, climate adaptation ISBN: 978-82-428-0286-6 Price: NOK 200 | page 3 Preface This report constitutes the first stage of the research project Civil Protection and Climate Vulnerability (CIVILCLIM), and will form the basis for the following stages of the project. CIVILCLIM is funded by the Research Council of Norway, with contributions from the Directorate for Civil Protection and Emergency Planning. The project has a total time frame of four years and is coordinated by Western Norway Research Institute. A key aspect of the project is international co-operation and cross-national comparisons. The project’s partners are the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Centre for Clean Technology and Environmental Policy (CSTM) at the University of Twente in the Netherlands, and the University of Hull in the United Kingdom. Several people deserve mentioning for their assistance in compiling information material for this report. In particular, Haavard Stensvand at the County Governor’s Office in Sogn og Fjordane provided invaluable input. Sogndal, 15 December 2008 Carlo Aall Project leader Vestlandsforsking, Pb 163, 6851 Sogndal • Tlf.: 57 67 61 50 • Faks: 57 67 61 90 | page 4 Contents Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Samandrag ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 8 I. THE PUBLIC SYSTEM OF CIVIL PROTECTION IN NORWAY....................................................... 10 1. The Directorate for Civil Protection and Emergency Planning...................................................... 10 Organisation................................................................................................................................................. 10 Formal Tasks and Responsibilities .............................................................................................................. 11 Administrative Capacity................................................................................................................................ 12 Tools ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 Legal Foundation ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Central Steering Documents ........................................................................................................................ 13 2. The Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Planning at the County Governor’s Office.. 13 Organisation................................................................................................................................................. 13 Formal Tasks and Responsibilities .............................................................................................................. 14 Tools ............................................................................................................................................................ 18 Administrative capacity ................................................................................................................................ 21 Legal foundation .......................................................................................................................................... 22 Central steering documents ......................................................................................................................... 22 3. The County Geologist at the County Administration..................................................................... 23 Formal Organisation .................................................................................................................................... 23 Formal Tasks and Responsibilities .............................................................................................................. 23 4. Non-governmental rescue organisations ...................................................................................... 25 II. PROCESSES OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE................................................................................. 28 1. The shift away from a predominantly military focus...................................................................... 28 2. Increased focus on climate adaptation ......................................................................................... 30 3. Negative effects of deregulation, privatisation, and modernisation .............................................. 36 Case: Deregulation of electricity supply ....................................................................................................... 37 III. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR CLIMATE ADAPTATION ........................................................ 42 1. The Directorate for Civil Protection and Emergency Planning...................................................... 42 Knowledge resources................................................................................................................................... 42 Relational resources .................................................................................................................................... 44 Attitudes....................................................................................................................................................... 45 2. The Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Planning at the County Governor’s Office.. 46 Knowledge resources................................................................................................................................... 46 Relational resources .................................................................................................................................... 49 Attitudes....................................................................................................................................................... 49 3. The County Geologist at the County Administration..................................................................... 53 4. Non-governmental rescue organisations ...................................................................................... 54 Concluding remarks and reflections ................................................................................................. 56 References ........................................................................................................................................... 58 Literature ........................................................................................................................................... 58 List of interviews................................................................................................................................ 62 List of observations ........................................................................................................................... 63 Figures, tables, and images ............................................................................................................... 64 Figures .............................................................................................................................................. 64 Tables................................................................................................................................................ 65 Images............................................................................................................................................... 66 | page 5 Appendix: Exercise Mørejarl .............................................................................................................. 67 Summary in English .......................................................................................................................... 67 Referat frå Øvelse Mørejarl............................................................................................................... 68 Dag I: Presentasjon av øvinga og første spelscenario................................................................................. 70 Presentasjon av scenarioet.......................................................................................................................... 73 Dag II: Spillfase 2......................................................................................................................................... 77 Dag III: Debrifing / ”hot