Year Tyrian Egyptian Kings Assyrian Syrian/ Judah Age Israel Age Source Comments JW Chronology Babylonian Kings Year Year (BCE) Kings (Pharaohs) Kings Persian Tishri-based Judah Israel st 1048 21 D. (Tanis) ↑ General Notes Adad-apla- 1 Samuel 8:1–9 Samuel already old before meeting Saul ↑ 1077 BCE Starts too late* Shading indicates events Unspecified iddina 1 Samuel 9:1–2 Saul “young” (unmarried) when meeting Samuel David relative to another reign or April*–September 2 Samuel 2:10–11 Ish-bosheth born (earliest) 1047 other event, indicating likely October–March Acts 13:21 Length of reign asserted in Acts not consistent with ages time of year or period; some January–March and events of Samuel, Saul, Ish-bosheth and David 1046 month names given are Possible range 1045 approximate (e.g. ‘April’ for * Or earlier for events Marduk-ahhe-eriba months), (6 * “Starts too late” in the JW based only on Tishri 1044 Nisan may be March or April) Chronology columns 1043 years indicates in relative terms that Marduk-zer- 1042 For Judah: 2 Kings , 2 Chronicles and Jeremiah use 2 Samuel 2:10–11 Ish-bosheth born (latest) the reign should start during 1041 Tishri-based dating and count accession years the same year as the previous 1040 Saul king’s final year; it does not 1039 40 years refer to the assignment of 1038 For Israel and Babylon: 2 Kings , 2 Chronicles and X (spurious) absolute years 1037 Jeremiah (except 52:28–30 ) use Nisan-based dating 2 Samuel 5:4 David born Starts too late 1036 and count accession years 1035 1034 Daniel , Ezra , Haggai and Zechariah , and the 1033 Babylonian interpolation at Jeremiah 52:28–30 , use 1032 Nisan-based dating and do not count accession Nabu-shum-libur 1031 years 1030 1029 Ezekiel counts Tishri-based years of exile 1028 Ages shown are for the king whose reign begins 1 Samuel 13:1 Saul’s reign begins 1027 1 that year; ages are ordinal, i.e. ‘30’ means ‘30th year’ Antiquities VI:14.9 1026 Psusennes I or ‘29 full years plus some months’ 2 (Akheperre- 1 Samuel 13:1–3 Saul’s son Jonathan old enough to lead army 3 1025 st setepenamun) 21 D. (Thebes) ↑ ShalmaneserII 1 Samuel 13:13–14 Saul rejected as king for making a burnt offering 1024 4 1 Samuel 15:26 Saul rejected as king (again) for failing to kill Agag 1023 5 1022 6 yearsspecific assigned to Not 1021 7 1020 8 After Saul rejected and before Samuel dies: 1019 Saul 9 1 Samuel 16:1–13 • Samuel secretly anoints David 1018 20 years 10 1 Samuel 16:14–23 • Saul orders “David, the son of Jesse” to play harp 1017 Ashur- 11 Solomon Simbar-shipak 1 Samuel 17:55–58 • Saul asks whose son David is (not in Septuagint ) 1016 nirari IV 12 1015 13 1 Samuel 18:1–5 • David’s ‘covenant’ with Jonathan (not in Septuagint ) 1014 14 1 Samuel 18:9–11 • Saul tries to kill David 1013 15 1 Samuel 19–24 • David goes into hiding 1012 16 1011 17 1 Samuel 25:1 Samuel dies 1010 18 Antiquities VI:13.5 Menkheperre 1009 19 1 Samuel 27; 29:3 David hides at Gath 1 year & 4 months 30 40 2 Samuel 5:4 Saul dies in battle 1008 Ea-mukin-zeri (3 months) 1 -/1 20 2 Samuel 2:11 David ruled in Hebron 7½ years 1007 (interregnum) 2 -/1/2 2 Samuel 2:10–11 Ish-bosheth’s reign may start just after Saul’s death, Ish-bosheth 1006 3 -/1/2/- towards end of 7½ years, or somewhere between; dash Ashur-rabi Kashshu-nadin-ahi 2 years 1005 4 -/1/2/- indicates year may be before (-/) or after (/-) his reign II (see comments) 1004 5 -/1/2/- 1003 6 1/2/- 1002 7 2/- 1001 David 8 2 Samuel 5:5 David ruled Judah and Israel 33 years 1000 9 Eulmash-shakin-shumi 40 years 999 Amenemope 10 998 (Usermaatre- 11 997 setepenamun) 12 996 13 Rehoboam Jeroboam 995 14 Copyright ©2004–2021 Jeffro Page 1 Year Tyrian Egyptian Kings Assyrian Syrian/ Judah Age Israel Age Source Comments JW Chronology Babylonian Kings Year Year (BCE) Kings (Pharaohs) Kings Persian Tishri-based Judah Israel st 994 21 D. (Tanis) ↑ General Notes Adad-apla- 15 Samuel already old before meeting Saul Amenemope Menkheperre 993 iddina 16 992 17 Smendes II 991 Eulmash-shakin-shumi 18 990 Osorkon (Akheperre- 19 989 setepenre) 20 988 21 987 22 Rehoboam Abibaal Ninurta-kudurri-usur I 986 23 Shirikti-shuqamuna Jeroboam 985 24 (3 months) Ashur-rabi 984 25 II 983 David 26 982 40 years 27 Mar-biti-apla-usur 981 28 Pinedjem II 980 29 2 Samuel 5:11 Hiram (king of Tyre) provided David with cedars Abijah 979 30 978 31 Siamun 977 32 (Netjerkheperre- 976 33 Nadab setepenre) 975 34 974 35 973 36 972 37 971 38 970 Ashur- 39 resh-ishi 1 Kings 11:42 969 II 40 1 1 Kings 2:36, 39 Shimei ordered to remain in Jerusalem 1 Kings 14:21 Rehoboam born 968 2 Hiram I 1 Kings 2:39, 46 Death of Shimei 967 3 1 Kings 5:1 Hiram provided Solomon with cedars 1 Kings 6:1, 37 Temple construction begins; foundations completed 966 4 (2nd month [May]) Baasha 965 5 1 Kings 9:11 Hiram provided timber and gold 964 6 963 7 Nabu-mukin-apli 962 8 961 9 Asa 960 10 959 Psusennes III 11 1 Kings 6:38 Temple completed (8th month [November]) 958 12 957 Har-Psusennes II 13 Solomon 956 (Tjekheperre- 14 40 years 955 setepenre) 15 Tiglath- 954 16 Pileser II 953 17 952 18 Elah 951 19 Zimri, 950 20 Omri/Tibni 949 21 948 22 1 Kings 7:1 Solomon’s house completed 947 23 1 Kings 9:10–11 Solomon gives 20 cities to Hiram 946 24 945 25 Omri 944 26 Baal-Eser 943 22 nd Dynasty Ninurta-kudurri-usur II 27 I 942 28 941 Shoshenq I Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 29 940 30 Ahab Copyright ©2004–2021 Jeffro Page 2 Year Tyrian Egyptian Kings Assyrian Syrian/ Judah Age Israel Age Source Comments JW Chronology Babylonian Kings Year Year (BCE) Kings (Pharaohs) Kings Persian Tishri-based Judah Israel st 939 21 D. (Tanis) ↑ General Notes Adad-apla- 31 Samuel already old before meeting Saul Ignores 938 Tiglath- iddina 32 co-regency, 937 Pileser II 33 adding 3 years 936 34 935 35 Baal-Eser Solomon 934 36 I 40 years 933 37 932 38 931 39 1 Kings 11:40 Jeroboam hides in Egypt until Solomon’s death during Ahab 930 Shoshenq I 40 Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina reign of Shishak (Shoshenq) (Shishak/Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 41 Israel’s guilt 1 Kings 12:2–3 Jeroboam returns from Egypt and reigns over Israel 929 1 1 1 Kings 12:1; 14:21 Rehoboam reigns over Judah Ezekiel 4:5 Start of Israel’s 390 years of guilt 928 Abdastratus 2 2 1 Jehoshaphat Ashur-dan II 927 3 3 2 926 4 4 3 925 5 5 4 1 Kings 14:25 Shishak (Shoshenq) attacks Jerusalem 924 6 6 5 923 7 7 6 Begins co- Rehoboam 922 8 8 7 regencies late, 17 years 921 (durations uncertain) 9 9 8 adding 3 years Jeroboam 920 10 10 9 22 years 919 11 11 10 Ahaziah 918 12 12 11 917 13 13 12 916 14 14 13 Jehoram 915 15 15 14 (co-regent) 914 16 16 15 913 17 17 16 912 Abijah 1 18 17 1 Kings 15:1–2 911 (aka Abijam) 2 19 18 Jehoram Shamash-mudammiq 910 Astartus 3 years 3 20 19 1 Kings 15:9–10 Jehoram 909 1 21 20 Nadab 1 Kings 14:20; 15:25 908 2 1 22 21 2 years 907 3 2 1 22 1 Kings 15:28, 33 906 Osorkon I 4 2 23 Ahaziah 905 (Sekhemkheperre-setepenre) 5 3 24 1 Kings 22:42 Jehoshaphat born Starts too late Starts too late 904 6 4 25 903 Adad- 7 5 26 902 nirari II 8 6 27 Athaliah 901 9 7 28 900 10 8 29 2 Chronicles 14:1, 6 End of 10 years of peace in Judah 899 11 9 30 1 year too long 898 12 10 31 897 Asa 13 11 32 Deleastartus Baasha 896 41 years 14 12 33 24 years 895 15 13 34 Nabu-shuma-ukin I 894 16 14 35 Jehu 893 17 15 36 892 18 16 37 891 19 17 38 Jehoash 890 20 18 39 889 21 19 40 Tukulti- 888 22 20 41 Astarymus Ninurta II 887 Shoshenq II 23 21 42 886 (Heqakheperre-setepenre) 24 22 43 Nabu-apla-iddina 885 25 23 44 1 Kings 15:18–21 Asa pays Ben-Hadad to fight Baasha Takelot I Ben- Ashur- Elah 2 Chronicles 16:1 Baasha attacks Judah; ‘36’ may be a scribal error for ‘26’ 884 (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) Hadad 26 1 24 45 nasirpal II 2 years 1 Kings 16:8 Copyright ©2004–2021 Jeffro Page 3 Year Tyrian Egyptian Kings Assyrian Syrian/ Judah Age Israel Age Source Comments JW Chronology Babylonian Kings Year Year (BCE) Kings (Pharaohs) Kings Persian Tishri-based Judah Israel Astarymus st 883 21 D. (Tanis) ↑ General Notes Adad-apla- 27 Zimri (7 days) 2 1 46 1 Kings 16:10,15,21–22 Samuel already old before meeting Saul Ben- 882 Takelot I iddina 28 Omri 2 47 Hadad 881 29 (rivalry with 3 48 Insight 1, p.