1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ 5 NOTES ON THE TEXT ..................................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 14 SCOPE OF THE REPORT ................................................................................................................. 14 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE HOMICIDE DATA............................................................................................. 14 Chart 1 ................................................................................................................................... 15 WHY THIS REPORT IS NECESSARY .................................................................................................. 16 AUTHORITY FOR REMOVAL/RETRIEVAL .................................................................................. 17 CIVIL PROTECTIVE ORDERS ........................................................................................................... 17 Explicit Authority ...................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 1 .................................................................................................................................. 18 Figure 2 .................................................................................................................................. 19 Implicit Authority ...................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 3 .................................................................................................................................. 20 CRIMINAL PROTECTIVE ORDERS ..................................................................................................... 21 Explicit Authority ...................................................................................................................... 22 Implicit Authority ...................................................................................................................... 23 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 24 IDENTIFYING RESPONDENTS AND DEFENDANTS WITH FIREARMS .................................... 25 CALIFORNIA .................................................................................................................................. 25 Figure 4 .................................................................................................................................. 26 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 26 OTHER APPLICATIONS.................................................................................................................... 27 NOTIFYING PROHIBITED POSSESSORS ................................................................................... 28 CALIFORNIA .................................................................................................................................. 28 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CIVIL CASES ............................................................................................ 29 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CRIMINAL CASES ..................................................................................... 30 REMOVAL/RETRIEVAL OF FIREARMS ....................................................................................... 31 TYPES OF REMOVAL/RETRIEVAL ..................................................................................................... 31 Surrender ................................................................................................................................ 31 Seizure .................................................................................................................................... 33 Hybrid ...................................................................................................................................... 33 TO WHOM DO RESPONDENTS SURRENDER? .................................................................................... 35 Law Enforcement .................................................................................................................... 35 2 Combination ............................................................................................................................ 36 CALIFORNIA STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESSFUL REMOVAL ..................................................................... 41 WARM Approach ..................................................................................................................... 41 Role of Defense Attorneys ....................................................................................................... 42 FIFTH AMENDMENT IMPLICATIONS ................................................................................................... 42 California ................................................................................................................................. 43 Wisconsin ................................................................................................................................ 43 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 44 STORAGE OR SALE OF FIREARMS ........................................................................................... 46 CURRENT PRACTICES .................................................................................................................... 46 California ................................................................................................................................. 46 Maryland.................................................................................................................................. 47 Vermont ................................................................................................................................... 47 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 48 Maintenance and Safekeeping ................................................................................................ 48 Fees for Storage ...................................................................................................................... 48 Options for Respondents to Sell Firearm ................................................................................. 48 RETURN OF FIREARMS ............................................................................................................... 49 RETURNING FIREARMS PROCESS EXAMPLES ................................................................................... 49 Maryland.................................................................................................................................. 49 West Virginia ........................................................................................................................... 50 Washington ............................................................................................................................. 50 Delaware ................................................................................................................................. 51 California ................................................................................................................................. 51 ROLE OF DEFENSE ATTORNEYS ...................................................................................................... 52 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 52 Return of Firearm .................................................................................................................... 52 Option for Law Enforcement to Dispose of Firearm ................................................................. 52 Notification to Petitioners ........................................................................................................ 52 OBSTACLES TO IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................... 53 COST/RESOURCES ........................................................................................................................ 53 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ......................................................................................................... 53 LIMITED DATA ON PROMISING PRACTICES........................................................................................ 54 STATUTORY AUTHORITY TO REMOVE .............................................................................................. 55 DATA NEEDS ................................................................................................................................ 58 IMPLICATIONS OF EARLY EVALUATION ............................................................................................. 58 IMPORTANCE