D7o: Patterns in forest insect herbivory - 2 15:30 - 17:30 Tuesday, 1st October, 2019 Venue R19 - PG Congress Theme D. Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Biological Invasions Presentation Types Oral Chair Mikhail Dr At the global scale, the larger part of plant biomass losses are due to insects – ‘the little things that run the World’. We plan to summarize the current knowledge regarding the levels and patterns of insect herbivory (both spatial and temporal), discuss the biases in this knowledge, address climate change impacts on plant losses to insects, explore the links between plant diversity and insect herbivory, and discuss the effects of insect herbivory on individual plants, plant communities and ecosystem-level processes. 15:30 - 15:44 D7o Main factors influencing insect attacks of debarked-medicinal Plants in Lama Forest Reserve and Lokoli swampy forest Yvonne T. CAKPO1,2, Judith KORB2, Brice SINSIN1, Chabi Djagoun3 1Laboratory of Applied Ecology/University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin), Abomey-Calavi, Benin. 2Faculty of Biology I/ University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 3Laboratory of Applied Ecology/University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin), Cotonou, Benin Abstract The spatio-temporal variability of tree attacks by foraging xylophagous insects has been studied on most debarked-medicinal tree species in Lama Forest Reserve and in Lokoli swampy forest in Benin. For achieving that, different factors such as habitat type (crop fields, degraded forest and non-degraded forest), season (dry and rainy season), debarking level (T0: control, T1: 10*20cm² and T2: 20*50cm²), and tree species (A. leiocarpa, D. guineense, D. mespiliformis, F. trichopoda, K. africana, L. barteri, L. acida and S. owariense) were considered. Data were collected during one year (from October 2014 to November 2015) using both interception and emergence traps. Per season, 72 and 81 traps were established in Lama and Lokoli respectively. Data collected were abundance of insects, presence or absence of insect holes, number of insect hole recorded on the tree. Four different orders (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and Blattodae) were collected including 284 morpho-species with 3771 insect individuals. The present study showed that habitat type, season, debarking level and tree species had significant effects on xylophagous attacks as well as the severity (number of insect holes) of those attacks and the abundance of xylophagous insects. High xylophagous diversity was recorded in degraded-forest and crop fields while non-degraded forests were lesser invaded in xylophagous beetles. Xylophagous insect attacks increased in crop fields and in degraded forest during rainy season on large debarking surface trees. Which implies debarking of most vulnerable medicinal tree species must be done during dry season in small patchs Key words: Xylophagous, medicinal trees, insect attacks, debarking. 15:44 - 15:58 D7o Quantifying Ormiscodes outbreaks in Southern Chile: combining remote sensors and field validation Sergio Estay1,2, Roberto Chávez3, Alvaro Gutierrez4, Ronald Rocco3 1Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. 2Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Santiago, Chile. 3Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile. 4Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Abstract Although abundant literature of insect outbreaks exists in the Northern Hemisphere, studies for the Southern Hemisphere are rare. Recently, massive outbreaks of the native moth Ormiscodes amphimone (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) have been reported in the southern cone of South America. Ormiscodes amphimone (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a native phytophagous moth (Fig. 2) feeding on several host plants such as Nothofagus spp., Populus spp., among many other tree species. These O. amphimone outbreaks have defoliated large areas of temperate forests, raising great concern among local inhabitants, but yet the spatio- temporal patterns of these events have not been evaluated. Here we quantify the extension of the massive O. amphimone outbreaks occurred in the Aysén region (southern Chile) in the period 2000-2017. Remote sensing detections were strongly in agreement with field observations and showed that massive outbreaks of O. amphimone are among the largest biotic disturbances in the forests of the Southern Hemisphere. Considering only field-confirmed outbreaks, the defoliated area reached 164,000 hectares in total between 2000 and 2017, with some years reaching over 20,000 ha defoliated in a single locality. The estimation of the spatial impact of O. amphimone, and its recurrence, represents the first step for the search of management alternatives of this massive disturbance. 15:58 - 16:12 D7o Polyphagozerra coffeae (Lepidoptera: Zeuzerinae: Cossidae): Identification, notes on biology, natural enemies, damage characterization, and addition of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) as a new host in Indonesia Wagner Tavares, Srikumar Kkadan, Ade Hendrik, Rianza Asfa, Marthin Tarigan, Álvaro Durán Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd., Pangkalan Kerinci, Indonesia Abstract The red coffee borer, Polyphagozerra (= Zeuzerra) coffeae (Lepidoptera: Zeuzerinae: Cossidae) is one of the most destructive lepidopteran borer in the world. The objective of this study was to identify the species name and evaluate some biological parameters of P. coffeae in the laboratory. Also, the natural enemies were identified and the damage caused on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) commercial plantations by this pest was characterized in Riau, Indonesia. Caterpillars and pupae of P. coffeae, obtained from Eucalyptus spp. plantations, were reared in a laboratory on ripe apple fruits, Malus pumila (Rosaceae). Male moths were identified as P. coffeae after aedeagus (male genitalia) analysis. Five groups of natural enemies were recovered from the P. coffeae stages: the hyperparasitoid Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae: Chalcidinae), the gregarious parasitoids Cossidophaga sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) and a eulophid (Hymenoptera: Tetrastichinae) species, a nematode (Nematoda), and a fungus entomopathogen. The damage caused by P. coffeae on the Eucalyptus trees was evident when tree tops were hanging and fallen, and presence of galleries and pupation chambers. Adult longevity (± SD) was 5.88 ± 0.54 days. Each 1.66 ± 0.28 day old female was able to lay an average of 591.80 ± 126.33 eggs. Caterpillars stayed in the tree stem longer than 60 days. The pupal stage lasted 18.96 ± 1.44 days. The current study adds E. pellita and E. pellita × E. grandis as new hosts of P. coffeae and describes several knowledge aspects of P. coffeae as a pest of Eucalyptus in Riau, Indonesia. 16:12 - 16:26 D7o Does Paropsis atomaria larval feeding induce chemical responses in Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata? Flavia Sarti Bonora, Helen Nahrung, David Lee, Andrew Hayes University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia Abstract Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (CCV) is promising for hardwood plantations in areas considered marginal for many commercial forestry species, as it presents desirable field performance, wood quality and form and suits a range of site conditions. The eucalypt tortoise beetle Paropsis atomaria Olivier (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major pest of eucalypt plantations in Queensland, including areas planted with CCV. P. atomaria can cause severe defoliation in young trees, reducing plantation productivity and quality. Studies with Corymbia spp demonstrated that plant secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, are correlated with arthropod herbivory and can be effective as insect growth inhibitors. Changes in plant chemistry can occur in plants as a response to herbivory, potentially reducing further damage. To provide a better understanding of plant-herbivore interactions and possible resistance mechanisms, this study evaluated the chemical response of CCV challenged by P. atomaria. Seedlings of CCV were submitted to one of three treatments: no damage; mechanical damage and P. atomaria larval damage. After 15 days seedlings were removed from the treatments and leaf samples were analysed to determine the leaf-oil gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed that P. atomaria larval feeding induced chemical response in CCV with up-regulation of waxes and down-regulation of terpenoids. The same pattern was not observed on plants under mechanical damage, suggesting an interaction between plant-herbivore. 16:26 - 16:40 D7o Four species of mirid bugs (Hemiptera) and parasitism of Helopeltis bradyi by Leiophron sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) commercial plantations in Indonesia Srikumar Koda Kkadan1, Wagner Tavares1, Ade Hendrik1, Irfan Pasaribu2, Marthin Tarigan1, Alvaro Duran1 1Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd., Pangkalan Kerinci, Indonesia. 2PT Toba Pulp Lestari Tbk., Porsea, Indonesia Abstract Mirid bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) are important pests of young and old Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) trees in Indonesia. Young Eucalyptus plantations are mainly affected by Helopeltis (Hemiptera: Miridae). This damage resulted in die-back of young shoots, curling, deformed, and drying, usually irrespective of the clones. In North Sumatra, damage of Eucalyptus is associated to Helopeltis bradyi Waterhouse despite the presence of H. theivora in the region. Important alternate host plants as reservoirs of H. bradyi in vicinity to Eucalyptus plantations were Coffea sp. (Rubiaceae), Persea sp. (Lauraceae), Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), and Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae).