BUDDHIST TALES FOR YOUNG AND OLD Volume 2 Stories of the Enlightenment Being Jātakas 51 - 100, Jātaka 514 INTERPRETED BY KURUNEGODA PIYATISSA MAHA THERA STORIES TOLD BY TODD ANDERSON ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN PATTERSON 2ND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED BY KURUNEGODA PIYATISSA MAHA THERA AND STEPHAN HILLYER LEVITT PUBLISHED BY BUDDHIST LITERATURE SOCIETY, INC. NEW YORK BUDDHIST VIHARA 214-22 SPENCER AVENUE PARKSIDE HILLS, NEW YORK 11427-1821 U.S.A. BUDDHIST TALES FOR YOUNG AND OLD Volume 1. STORIES OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT BEING, JĀTAKAS 1 - 50. Interpreted by Kurunegoda Piyatissa Maha Thera. Stories Told by Todd Anderson. Illustrated by Sally Bienemann, Millie Byrum, Mark Gilson. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged by Kurunegoda Piyatissa Maha Thera and Stephan Hillyer Levitt. Parkside Hills, New York: Buddhist st Literature Society, Inc., 2017. (1 edition, under the title PRINCE GOODSPEAKER, STORIES 1 - 50, 1995.) Volume 2. STORIES OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT BEING, JĀTAKAS 51 - 100, JĀTAKA 514. Interpreted by Kurunegoda Piyatissa Maha Thera. Stories Told by Todd Anderson. Illustrated by John Patterson. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged by Kurunegoda Piyatissa Maha Thera and Stephan Hillyer Levitt. Parkside Hills, New York: Buddhist Literature Society, st Inc., 2017. (1 edition, under the title KING FRUITFUL, STORIES 51 - 100, nd st 1996. 2 ptg. of the 1 edition, together with KING SIX TUSKER AND THE QUEEN WHO HATED HIM, CHADDANTA-JATAKA (NO. 514) appended, [2004].) Volumes 3 - 5. STORIES OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT BEING, JĀTAKAS 101 - 150 (Vol. 3), JĀTAKAS 151 - 200 (Vol. 4), JĀTAKAS 201 - 250 (Vol. 5). Interpreted by Kurunegoda Piyatissa Maha Thera. Stories Retold by Stephan Hillyer Levitt. Parkside Hills, New York: Buddhist Literature Society, Inc., 2007, 2009, 2011. “ Suddenly the water demon stuck his head up above the water. He exclaimed, ‘In all the time I’ve lived here, I have never seen anyone, man or beast, as wise as this monkey!...’” Foreword to the 2nd Edition This 2nd edition of vols. 1 and 2 of Buddhist Tales for Young and Old was undertaken so as to bring the format of these volumes in line with that adopted in vols. 3 - 5. These Jātaka stories as they have been handed down to us are accompanied in Buddhaghosa’s text with “ stories of the present” which narrate the circumstances under which the Buddha is reputed to have told the various fables and parables, and which grew up around these stories in the course of their transmission. It is apparent that the “ stories of the present” are integral to at least some of the stories in that some of the stories take their titles from these. Thus, for instance, the Losaka-Jātaka (No. 41), the two Sāketa-Jātaka-s (Nos. 68 and 237), the Telapatta-Jātaka (No. 96), the Samiddhi-Jātaka (No. 167), the Kāmanīta- Jātaka (No. 228), and the Palāsa-Jātaka and Dutiya-Palāsa-Jātaka (Nos. 229 and 230). In several instances, the main characters in the fables and parables take their names from the person in the “ story of the present” about whom the story is told. So, for instance, in the Rohiī-Jātaka about a servant girl of the millionaire Anāthapiṇḍika named Rohiṇī (No. 45), and in the Kālakaṇṇi-Jātaka (No. 83) about a friend of Anāthapiṇḍika’s named Kālakaṇṇi. The fables and parables themselves, of course, in at least many instances pre-date the Buddha and at times can be found elsewhere in South Asian literature, as well. v Buddhaghosa’s text also includes the “ connection” between the “ stories of the present” and the fables and parables – referred to as “ stories of the past,” which “ connection” identifies the characters in the “ stories of the present” with those in the “ stories of the past” – the fables and parables as told here by Todd Anderson. The “ connection” appears at the end of each Jātaka tale. In vols. 3 - 5 we related the “ stories of the present” and “ connections” along with the Jātakas proper. We have here added them to the stories in vols. 1 and 2. In vols. 3 - 5, we generally followed closely the late 13th c. - early 14th c. C.E. Sinhalese translation of the Jātaka stories by Virasiṁha Pratirāja for both the “ stories of the present” and the “ stories of the past,” and for the “ connections.” In vols. 1 and 2, though, with the exception of the narration of the Chaddanta-Jātaka (No. 514) that was appended to vol. 2, the stories were more abbreviated. We have therefore in the main followed this practice here as well for this 2nd edition of vols. 1 and 2, abbreviating the “ stories of the present” and the “ connections.” On the whole, we have not altered here the text as told by Todd Anderson except for a few stylistic revisions here and there, and except that in a few places, mostly in vol. 2, additions and changes were necessitated on account of the addition of the “ stories of the present” and the “ connections.” Also in a few places in vol. 2, changes had to be made in the specifics of a repeated story or in the specifics of two stories the telling of which had been here combined. We have as well added here the Pāli titles of the various Jātaka stories for more ready recognition of the different stories. We have also added the Pāli names of the various characters the names of which were characterized in English by Todd Anderson earlier – giving these the first time the name is mentioned only; and for the purpose of clarity, in brackets, we have added various Pāli technical terms which terms were earlier characterized here in English only. vi When Pāli names were given in the translation earlier, we have added the appropriate diacritics. And we have added in footnotes points of general interest. Further, for the sake of uniformity with vols. 3 - 5, we have here changed the way in which vols. 1 and 2 were titled. The Pāli story titles, which Radhika Abeysekera, currently of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, had also earlier suggested be added, very often focus on different points in, or aspects of the stories than the English titles given to characterize the stories in vols. 1 and 2. On account of layout, an English rendering of these Pāli titles could not be given in place. We give here an English rendering of these titles for the stories in vol. 2: 51. Mahāsīlava-Jātaka – The Story of Mahāsīlava (One With Great Virtue) 52. Cūajanaka-Jātaka – The Little Story of (King) Janaka (Fruitful) [539. Mahājanaka-Jātaka – The Story of (King) Janaka the Great] 53. Puṇṇapāti-Jātaka – The Story of Full Containers 54. Phala-Jātaka – The Story of Fruit 55. Pañcāvudha-Jātaka – The Story of (Prince) Pañcāvudha (One Possessing Five Weapons) 56. Kañcanakkhandha-Jātaka – The Story of a Bulk of Gold 57. Vānarinda-Jātaka – The Story of the Monkey King 58. Tayodhamma-Jātaka – The Story of Three Qualities 59. Bherivāda-Jātaka – The Story of the Sound of a Drum 60. Saṅkhadhamana-Jātaka – The Story of Blowing a Conch 61. Asātamanta-Jātaka – The Story of the Secret Saying About Unhappiness 62. Aṇḍabhūta-Jātaka (Andhabhūta-Jātaka) – The Story of a Foetus / The Story of One Who Was Mentally Blindfolded vii 63. Takka-Jātaka (Takkāriya-Jātaka) – The Story of Buttermilk (or, The Story of Dates) / The Story of Takkāriya (= Takkapaṇḍita, The Buttermilk [or, Date] Holy Man) 64. Durājāna-Jātaka – The Story of Something That Is Difficult to Understand 65. Anabhīrati-Jātaka – The Story of Discontentedness 66. Mudulakkhaṇa-Jātaka – The Story of Mudulakkhaṇa (One With a Tender Character; or, Tenderhearted) 67. Ucchaṅga-Jātaka – The Story of a (Woman’s) Hip* 68. Sāketa-Jātaka – The Story of Sāketa 69. Visavanta-Jātaka – The Story of a Poisonous Snake 70. Kuddāla-Jātaka – The Story of a Spade 71. Varaṇa-Jātaka – The Story of a Varaṇa-tree 72. Sīlavanāga-Jātaka – The Story of a Virtuous Elephant 73. Saccaṁkira-Jātaka – The Story of a Solemn Oath 74. Ruddhadhamma-Jātaka – The Story About the Nature of Trees 75. Maccha-Jātaka – The Story of a Fish 76. Asaṅkiya-Jātaka – The Story About There Being Nothing to Fear 77. Mahāsupina-Jātaka – The Story of an Important Dream 78. Illīsa-Jātaka – The Story of Illīsa 79. Kharassara-Jātaka – The Story of a Rough Sound 80. Bhīmasena-Jātaka – The Story of Bhīmasena (A Fearful Person) 81. Surāpāna-Jātaka – The Story of Drinking Alcohol * In South Asia, women carry young children on their hip. In this Jātaka story, the main character is protective of her brother as if she were an older sister carrying her younger brother on her hip. She thereby saves not only her brother, but also her husband and son. viii 82. Mittavinda-Jātaka (Mittavindaka-Jātaka) – The Story of Mittavinda (or, Mittavindaka) 83. Kālakaṇṇi-Jātaka – The Story of Kālakaṇṇi (One With Black Ears) 84. Atthasadvāra-Jātaka – The Story of the Doors to Well Being 85. Kiṁpakka-Jātaka – The Story of a Kiṁpakka-tree 86. Sīlavīmaṁsana-Jātaka – The Story of Examining Virtue 87. Maṅgala-Jātaka – The Story of Auspicious Signs 88. Sārambha-Jātaka – The Story of Sārambha (Tit-for-Tat) 89. Kuhaka-Jātaka – The Story of a Knave 90. Akataññu-Jātaka – The Story of Ingratitude 91. Litta-Jātaka – The Story of Gambling 92. Mahāsāra-Jātaka – The Story of Something Most Precious 93. Vissāsabhojana-Jātaka – The Story About Trustingly Accepting Gifts 94. Lomahaṁsa-Jātaka – A Story of Horripilation 95. Mahāsudassana-Jātaka – The Story of (King) Mahāsudassana (Clear- sighted the Great) 96. Telapatta-Jātaka – The Story of a Begging Bowl Filled With Oil 97. Nāmasiddhi-Jātaka – The Story of the Consequence of a Name 98. Kūavāija-Jātaka – The Story of a Cunning Merchant 99. Parosahassa-Jātaka – The Story of More Than a Thousand 100.