Index A Abscess, 442 vs. aspirin, in pediatric patients, 446 Achondroplasia, 426 Abacavir, 184 Absence seizures, 494 free radical injury and, 221 autosomal dominance of, 71 for HIV, 186 drug therapy for, 500 necrosis caused by, 252 chromosome associated with, 75 Abciximab, 214, 407 treatments for, 638 for osteoarthritis, 430 endochondral ossification in, 425 thrombogenesis and, 385 Absolute risk reduction (ARR), 34, for tension headaches, 494 AChR (acetylcholine receptor), 229 Abdominal aorta, 342 646 toxicity effects, 446 Acid-base physiology, 543 atherosclerosis in, 286, 645 Absorption disorders, anemia caused toxicity treatment for, 251 Acidemia, 543 bifurcation of, 609 by, 388 Acetazolamide, 254, 557 diuretic effect on, 558 498 92 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 286 Abuse for glaucoma, Acidic amino acids, metabolic acidosis caused by, 543 Acidosis, 543 Abdominal colic confidentiality exceptions and, 41 in nephron physiology, 537 contractility in, 267 lead poisoning as cause, 389 dependent personality disorder for pseudotumor cerebri, 471 hyperkalemia caused by, 542 Abdominal distension and, 519 site of action, 556 Acid phosphatase, in neutrophils, 378 duodenal atresia as cause, 338 Acalculia, 464 Acetoacetate, metabolism of, 102 Acid reflux Abdominal pain Acamprosate Acetone breath, in diabetic esophageal strictures and, 354 Budd-Chiari syndrome as for alcoholism, 523, 638 ketoacidosis, 331 esophagitis and, 354 cause, 368, 630 diarrhea caused by, 252 Acetylation, 57 H blockers for, 374 cilostazol/dipyridamole as Acanthocytes, 386 2 Acetylcholine (ACh), 455 proton pump inhibitors for, 374 cause, 407 Acanthocytosis, 81 in Alzheimer disease, 491, 511 sclerodermal esophageal Clostridium difficile as cause, 630 Acantholysis, 439 anticholinesterase effect on, 244 dysmotility as cause, 354 diabetic ketoacidosis as cause, 331 pemphigus vulgaris and, 443 in Huntington disease, 71, 462, 511 Acid suppression therapy, 374 ectopic pregnancy as cause, 589 Acanthosis, 439 in nervous system, 241 Acinetobacter spp., 168 Henoch-Schönlein purpura as psoriasis as cause, 440 opioid effect on, 499 Acinetobacter baumannii, 181 cause, 297, 633 Acanthosis nigricans, 229, 444 pacemaker action potential Acne, 440 542 acanthosis and, 439 hypercalcemia as cause, and, 275 danazol as cause, 602 stomach cancer as cause, 356 hyperparathyroidism as cause, 326 in Parkinson disease, 511 glucocorticoids as cause, 212 Acarbose, 335 intussusception as cause, 362 Acetylcholine (ACh) receptor PCOS as cause, 591 diarrhea caused by, 252 irritable bowel syndrome as agonists, 503 prednisone as cause, 412 Accessory nerve (11th cranial cause, 360 Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, 241 as skin papules, 438 nerve), 479 McBurney sign as, 633 in cholinergic drugs, 243 tetracyclines for, 175 lesion in, 480 Meckel diverticulum as cause, 567 Acetylcholine (AChR) receptor, 229 Acoustic neuromas, 453 location in brain stem, 477 pancreas divisum as cause, 339 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Acoustic schwannomas, 71, 630 478 pancreatic cancer as cause, 373 pathway for, cholinesterase inhibitor Acquired hydroceles, 598 panic disorder as cause, 517 Accessory pancreatic duct, 339, 347 poisoning, 244 Acrodermatitis enteropathica, 82 polyarteritis nodosa as cause, 296 Accuracy vs. precision, 35 malathion and, 183 Acromegaly, 327 porphyria as cause, 395 Acebutolol, 249 neural tube defects and, 451 GH as cause, 311 Rovsing sign as, 633 angina and, 299 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) octreotide for, 375 Abdominal wall, developmental ACE inhibitors, 559 inhibitors somatostatin analogs for, 309 defects in, 338 for acute coronary syndromes, 290 for Alzheimer disease, 505 somatostatin for, 336 Abducens nerve (6th cranial C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency in cholinergic drugs, 243 Acromion, 417 nerve), 479 and, 199 for myasthenia gravis, 436 ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic location in brain stem, 477 for dilated cardiomyopathy, 291 naming convention for, 255 hormone (ACTH) ocular motility and, 488 dry cough caused by, 254 toxicity treatment for, 251 Actin filaments in epithelial cells, 438 palsy of, 489 for heart failure, 292 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, 84 Acting out, as ego defense, 508 pathway for, 478 for hypertension, 298 vitamin B7 and, 79 Actinic keratosis, 444, 445 Abductor digiti minimi muscle, 421 naming convention for, 255 Achalasia, 354 key associations, 641 Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, 421 preload/afterload, effect on, 267 esophageal cancer and, 355 Actin, in cytoskeleton, 60 Abetalipoproteinemia, 386 as teratogens, 564 Achilles reflex, 476 Actinomyces spp. Abnormal passive abduction, 416 Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, in disc herniation and, 423 as anaerobic organism, 111 Abnormal passive adduction, 416 ethanol metabolism, 83 Achilles tendon xanthomas, 285, 630 in Gram-positive algorithm, 118 ABO blood classification, 382 Acetaldehyde, in ethanol Achlorhydria morphology of, 109 ABO hemolytic disease of the metabolism, 83 stomach cancer and, 356 vs. Nocardia spp., 123 newborn, 382 Acetaminophen, 446 VIPomas as cause, 350 penicillin G/V for, 170 © 2016 First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 NTC_FAS1_2016_24_Index_687-760.indd 687 11/3/15 4:53 PM 688 INDEX INDEX Actinomyces israelii Acute renal failure, 553 in electron transport chain, 89 Adult T cell leukemia, 231 branching rods in, 169 Acute respiratory distress syndrome expenditure vs. time, 103 Adult T-cell lymphoma, 400 lab findings in, 635 (ARDS), 621 in glycogen regulation, 97 Advance directives, 41 pigment produced by, 113 acute pancreatitis as cause, 373 in nephron physiology, 537 Aedes mosquitoes, yellow fever Action/willpower stage of overcoming eclampsia as cause, 590 production of, 86 transmitted, by, 152 addiction, 521 as inhalational injury, 222 in TCA cycle, 88 Aerobic metabolism, 103 Activated carriers, 86 as restrictive lung disease, 619 in urea cycle, 93 Aerobic organisms, 111 Active errors, 46 Acute stress disorder, 517 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Afferent arteriole, 532 Active immunity, 203 Acute transplant rejection, 211 synthase inhibitors, 89 ANP/BNP effect on, 540 Acute chest syndrome, 392 Acute tubular necrosis, 554 Adenoviruses constriction of, 535 Acute cholestatic hepatitis granular casts in, 544 characteristics of, 148 dopamine, effect on, 541 as drug reaction, 252 intrinsic renal failure caused conjunctivitis caused by, 484 in filtration, 535 macrolides as cause, 176 by, 553 as DNA viruses, 147 Afferent nerves, 279 Acute closure, 484 Acyclovir, 184 as naked viruses, 147 Aflatoxin Acute coronary syndrome Adalimumab, 214, 448 pneumonia caused by, 624 as carcinogens, 231 ADP receptor inhibitors for, 407 for Crohn disease, 359 watery diarrhea caused by, 162 hepatocellular carcinoma heparin for, 405 Adaptive immunity, 192 Adherens junctions, 438 and, 368 nitrates for, 299 Addison disease, 318 Adhesion, 362 Aflatoxins, 137 treatments for, 290 metabolic acidosis caused by, 543 Adipose lipolysis, 300 African sleeping sickness, 140 Acute cystitis, 544 presentation of, 633 Adipose stores, in fasting/starvation Afterload, in cardiac output, 267 Acute disseminated Additive drug interactions, 237 states, 103 Agammaglobulinemia encephalomyelitis, 493 Adductor longus muscle, 347 Adipose tissue, estrogen production chromosome associated with, 75 Acute dystonia, 245 Adenine by, 577 Agarose gel electrophoresis, 64 Acute gastritis, 356 methylation of, 48 Adjustment disorder, 517 Agars for bacterial culture, 111 Acute glomerulonephritis, 553 Shiga/Shiga-like toxins and, 116 Adoption studies, 32 Agenesis, 563 Acute hemolytic transfusion Adenocarcinomas ADP receptor inhibitors, 407 Age-related macular 206 carcinogens causing, 231 reactions, Adrenal adenomas degeneration, 485 as type II hypersensitivity of esophagus, 355 Cushing syndrome caused by, 317 Aggregatibacter reactions, 204 of gallbladder, 372 hyperaldosteronism caused by, 318 actinomycetemcomitans, 293 Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, 148 gastrointestinal, 229 Adrenal carcinomas Agnosia, in dementia, 513 Acute inflammation, 219 of lungs, 626 Cushing syndrome caused by, 317 Agonist potency and efficacy, 240 Acute inflammatory demyelinating nomenclature for, 228 P-glycoprotein in, 232 Agoraphobia, 517 polyradiculopathy, 493 nonbacterial thrombotic Adrenal cortex, 306 Agranulocytosis Acute intermittent porphyria, 395 endocarditis and, 229 embryologic derivatives of, 563 clozapine as cause, 525 Acute interstitial nephritis, 554 of pancreas, 373 progesterone production in, 577 as drug reaction, 252 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia pectinate line and, 345 Adrenal hemorrhage, 630 epilepsy drugs causing, 500 (ALL), 402 of prostate, 599 Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome sulfa drug allergies as cause, 254 key associations, 644 of stomach, 356, 645 and, 318 thionamides as cause, 335 methotrexate for, 409 Trousseau’s syndrome and, 229 Adrenal hyperplasia Agraphia, cause of, 464 oncogenes and, 230 Adenohypophysis, 307 Cushing syndrome caused by, 317 AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency Acute mesenteric ischemia, 362 embryologic derivatives of, 563 hyperaldosteronism and, 318 presentation of, 633 hypothalamus and, 456 syndrome) 318 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 402 Adenomas Adrenal insufficiency, bacillary angiomatosis and, 441 chromosomal translocations of adrenal cortex, 645 anovulation caused by, 591 diagnosis of, 158 and, 403 of bone, 428 fludrocortisone for, 336 marijuana as appetite stimulant cytarabine for, 409 colorectal, 364 glucocorticoids for, 336 in, 523 key associations, 644 hyperparathyroidism as cause, 645 vitamin B5 deficiency as cause, 78 opportunistic infections in, 644 myelodysplastic syndromes