HISTORY NOTEBOOK FROM YEARS 9OLD A HISTORICAL JOURNEY First Name: .............................................. Name: ...................................................... PRIMARY Culture Science Education Services www.memorial-caen.com WELCOME TO THE CAEN MÉMORIAL This museum opened in 1988 will take you through the history of the 20th century. Your booklet will guide you through the various spaces in the Mémorial that are dedicated to the Second World War. Flags of countries that fought during Building in the shape of a limestone rock Fault symbolising PRIMARY the Battle of Normandy. broken in two, symbolising the damage the breach opened by suffered by the city of Caen. the Allies during D-Day. On each page of this booklet, you will find: The French Resistance 1 In the orange square: A photo of the room YEARS FRANCE IN THE DARK where you have to go. Look for this Name: photograph in the room and write down the name Using information ………………...........................……......................... of this Resistance fi ghter. from the text, give a name to this photo. 2 In the speech-bubbles: Questions. Stones Non-Violence Phrase by Paul Dorey, from Caen, and messages is a sculpture made by the Swedish speaking in the name of Normandy given by various Carl Fredrik Reuterswärd. One of the « Pain crushed me, fraternity put me In a rectangle: A text that countries when copies of this piece was installed on the back up, a river of freedom gushed 3 will help you answer the questions, the Mémorial forecourt of the UN headquarters in from my wound ». opened in 1988. New York. or that you can read after the visit of the museum. A bit of help: General de Gaulle, pictured in this photograph, refuses the defeat of France. He takes refuge in This Resistance fi ghter London. On 18th June 1940, he puts out an appeal on is called: the radio, and urges people to resist the Germans and SUMMARY ……………………......................................... Pétain. It is the « Appeal of 18th June ». 1918 1939 1940 1944 1945 A notepad to give you more details. What are the actions 4 taken by the Resistance in France? Link up these Page 4: Page 6: FromPage « Phoney8: France WarPage is occupied» 9:to DailyFrenchPage life defeat 10: under ThePage the French 11:Occupation Resist ResistancePage from 12: From LondonPage European 14: FromPage War persecution 16: to Total WorldPage war toWar18: exterminationand The Pagethe Allies end 19: getof The the readyPage D-Day war 20:for objects D-Day6thPage June 22: 1944: Remembering D-DayPage the 23: Second World War sentences to the photos. From the end of the First World War Arromanches 360 ANTI-SEMITISM: • to the beginning of the Second World War circular cinema They help the people wanted by the Germans (Resistance • fi ghters, Jews, etc) by giving them false ID papers. • The hatred of Jews, accused They carry out acts of sabotage against the Germans. • of being responsible for all the problems, is called 10 They denounce the Nazi propaganda, and appeal to the Resistance by spreading leafl ets and underground newspapers. • Anti-Semitism. All the Jews, • including children, are affected. The Anti-Semitism SPECIMEN SPECIMENdeveloped by the Nazis spreads the persecution of 02 the Jews to all the conque- 03 red countries including France. From the end of the First Place Great Britain and World War to the beginning Germany in the The victorious allies (France, Great Britain, table below: of the Second World War USA and Italy) sign a peace treaty in In 1919 THE FAILURE OF PEACE THE FAILURE Versailles that imposed serious sanctions on defeated Germany: loss of territory, VICTORS VANQUISHED shrinking of the army, payment of war damages. The democracies hope that this United States You enter a spiral. You can see it in the middle of this page. war will be “the last of the last”. Italy Follow it, it will show you the events from 1918 to 1939. France ATTENTION: Start on this map at the beginning of the spiral! ........................... .......................... 1919 On 11th November 1918, the war is over. Benito Mussolini is pictured in The toll is terrible: this photograph. From 1922, he 1922 10 million people died. establishes a dictatorship in Italy. 1918 In what way does this photo show that he is .............................................................. an authoritarian .............................................................. 1939 leader? .............................................................. The Second World .............................................................. War is declared. Beginning .............................................................. of the spiral 1933 Once he is in power, Hitler imposes his dictatorship on 1929 Germany. The Third Reich An economical crisis leads to replaces the Republic of Weimar. unemployment, extreme poverty and What you need to remember: sometimes violence. Look at the photos on the wall. Since 1933, Hitler has been trying to extend his territory. It weakens European countries. Can you tell that Germany is Germany invades Poland on 1st September, 1939. getting ready for the war? France and Great Britain then declare war on Germany. Explain your answer. The Second World War starts. 55 million people will die. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... SPECIMEN SPECIMEN............................................................................................................... 04 ............................................................................................................... 05 ............................................................................................................... From “Phoney War”... ... to French defeat 1940 FRANCE IN THE DARK YEARS FRANCE IN THE DARK © Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1971-083-01 Foto : Tritschler In this caricature: The Battle of Britain What is this English Walk towards the displays on the right and on the left. soldier looking at in From June 1940, England, the sky? Getting ready for war changes gathered behind her leader the life of civilians. Winston Churchill, is threatened .................................................... with invasion. England will resist .................................................... .................................................... Link up these thanks to her air force. three sentences (Those drawings and photographs are not Caricature published on to the displayed in the museum.) 18th June, 1940, Civilians have to: • in the Evening Standard. documents. Take refuge in shelters. • • In July 1940, Great Britain rejects Hitler’s peace proposal, and is expecting the worst. English children Use a gas mask. • are taken to the North of the country to find refuge. Buy war bonds to finance military operations. • • May-June 1940 7th-30thBlitz over September London 10th May 1940 French defeat 3rd September 1939 Germany invades France Great Britain and France declare war on Germany Go towards the back of the room. Between 7th and What you need 10th September, the « Blitz » over As you leave the area, there to remember: London kills 7,000 is an archive film displayed England has resisted heroically Londoners. But the on the right, going over against the Nazi attack launched German bombers the different stages of the during the autumn of 1940, and is also suffer heavy French defeat. now the only free European country losses. Hitler is then SPECIMEN at warSPECIMEN against Germany. forced to postpone 06 his attack. 07.