Direct Interface and One-Channel Translation Studies in Generative Grammar 68.2 Editors Henk van Riemsdijk Harry van der Hulst Jan Koster De Gruyter Mouton Direct Interface and One-Channel Translation A Non-Diacritic Theory of the Morphosyntax-Phonology Interface Volume 2 of A Lateral Theory of Phonology by Tobias Scheer De Gruyter Mouton The series Studies in Generative Grammar was formerly published by Foris Publications Holland. ISBN 978-1-61451-108-3 e-ISBN 978-1-61451-111-3 ISSN 0167-4331 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. ” 2012 Walter de Gruyter, Inc., Boston/Berlin Ra´ko odlı´ta´ by Mogdolı´na Printing: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen Țȍ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of contents overview §page Table of contents detail .............................................................. vii Abbreviations used ........................................................................ xxiv Table of graphic illustrations......................................................... xxvii 1 Editorial note ................................................................................. xxviii 2 Foreword What the book is about, and how to use it..................................... xxxi 3 Introduction 4 1. Scope of the book: the identity and management of objects that carry morpho-syntactic information in phonology........... 1 9 2. Deforestation: the lateral project, no trees in phonology and hence the issue with Prosodic Phonology ............................... 5 Part One Desiderata for a non-diacritic theory of the (representational side of) the interface 17 1. What representational communication with phonology is about........................................................................................ 13 29 2. Modularity and its consequence, translation ........................... 21 82 3. The output of translation ......................................................... 63 131 4. How the output of translation is inserted into phonological representations......................................................................... 99 Part Two Direct Interface and just one channel 146 1. Direct Interface........................................................................ 111 160 2. Just one channel: translation goes through a lexical access .... 123 vi Table of contents overview §page Part Three Behaviour and predictions of CVCV in the environment defined 188 1. CVCV and non-diacritic translation.......................................... 143 244 2. The initial CV: predictions........................................................ 183 260 3. The initial CV in external sandhi .............................................. 199 313 4. Restrictions on word-initial clusters: literally anything goes in Slavic and Greek........................................................... 247 351 Appendix Initial Sonorant-Obstruent clusters in 13 Slavic languages .... 287 356 References .................................................................................... 301 357 Subject index................................................................................ 335 358 Language index............................................................................ 371 Table of contents detail §page Abbreviations used........................................................................ xxiv Table of graphic illustrations ........................................................ xxvii 1 Editorial note................................................................................. xxviii 2 Foreword What the book is about, and how to use it .................................... xxxi 3 Introduction 4 1. Scope of the book: the identity and management of objects that carry morpho-syntactic information in phonology ................. 1 5 1.1. Procedural and representational communication with phonology ............................................................................... 1 6 1.2. Focus on the representational side of the interface................. 2 7 1.3. A theory-neutral frame for non-diacritic translation (Parts I and II)......................................................................... 2 8 1.4. Minimalism in phonology: shaping phonological theory according to the requirements of the interface (Part III)......... 4 9 2. Deforestation: the lateral project, no trees in phonology and hence the issue with Prosodic Phonology...................................... 5 10 2.1. The core of Government Phonology: lateral, rather than arboreal syllable structure....................................................... 5 11 2.2. The lateral project leaves no place for arboreal prosodic constituency ............................................................................ 6 12 2.3. The Prosodic Hierarchy is a diacritic...................................... 6 13 2.4. Recursion and other expected consequences of trees are absent in phonology................................................................ 7 14 2.5. The lateral project predicts that phonology is non-recursive.. 8 15 2.5.1. An undisputed fact: there is no recursion in phonology..................................................................... 8 16 2.5.2. Is the absence of recursion in phonology accidental? .. 10 viii Table of contents detail §page Part One Desiderata for a non-diacritic theory of the (representational side of) the interface 17 Chapter 1 What representational communication with phonology is about 18 1. Five defining issues........................................................................ 13 19 2. Modularity and its consequence, translation.................................. 14 20 3. Direct Interface ≠ Direct Syntax: please no misunderstanding! .... 15 21 3.1. Why Direct Interface is direct................................................. 15 22 3.2. Direct Syntax in the late 70s................................................... 15 23 3.3. Mid 80s: Direct Syntax vs. Prosodic Phonology .................... 16 24 3.4. The baby (translation) and the bathwater (the Prosodic Hierarchy)............................................................................... 17 25 4. Chunk definition ............................................................................ 18 26 5. The diacritic issue .......................................................................... 18 27 6. (Non-)privative translation............................................................. 19 28 7. Local vs. non-local insertion.......................................................... 19 29 Chapter 2 Modularity and its consequence, translation 30 1. Modularity in Cognitive Science and language ............................. 21 31 1.1. There is no representational side of the interface without modularity.................................................................. 21 32 1.2. Modularity, connectionism, mind and brain........................... 22 33 1.3. A spearhead of the cognitive revolution of the 50s in language.................................................................................. 23 34 1.4. Modularity implies biology and innateness: the language organ........................................................................ 25 35 1.5. The inverted T is the baseline since the 60s ........................... 26 Table of contents detail ix §page 36 2. Core properties of modularity........................................................ 27 37 2.1. Higher and lower cognitive functions, modules and the central system ......................................................................... 27 38 2.2. How much of the mind is modular?........................................ 28 39 2.2.1. Peripheral vs. massive modularity: is there a non- modular core? ............................................................... 28 40 2.2.2. Is the central system impenetrable for human intelligence?.................................................................. 29 41 2.2.3. Is the mind (are modules) the result of Darwinian adaptation?.................................................................... 30 42 2.3. Core modular properties ......................................................... 31 43 2.3.1. Domain specificity........................................................ 31 44 2.3.2. Informational encapsulation ......................................... 32 45 2.3.3. Summary: how to identify a module ............................ 34 46 2.4. The major ontological gap in language: phonology is distinct..................................................................................... 36 47 2.4.1. Domain specificity (Starke): morpho-syntax- semantics vs. phonology............................................... 36 48 2.4.2. Domain specificity (Jackendoff, Chomsky): phonology is distinct..................................................... 36 49 2.4.3. Late Insertion is the segregation of phonological and other vocabulary .................................................... 37 50 2.4.4. Phonology vs. phonetics............................................... 38 51 3. How translation works (in phonology) .......................................... 38 52 3.1. Application of domain specificity to phonology: