ساعت: امضاء صفحه آرا: ساعت: امضاء مسئول صفحه: ساعت: امضاء ادیتور:ADVERTISEMENTS ساعت: امضاء سردبیر: I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y APRILAPRIL 28, 2019 ANALYSISADVERTISEMENT & INTERVIEW 7 The role of welfare state in Norway sixth largest import partner and its total imports References By Hanif Ghaffari to Norway in 2015 amounted to $ 4.4 billion or 5.7 1)Carlgren, Fredrik. (28 September 2012). TEHRAN — Norway is located in Northern Europe percent of Norway’s total imports. South Korea “Snabba fakta om svensk export”, available at: and is one of the Nordic countries and a member of was seventh import partner for Norway in 2015, http: //www. ekonomifakta.se/Artiklar/2012/ NATO. The country has long borders with Sweden which accounted for 4.2% of Europe’s imports. September/Snabba-fakta-om-svensk-export/ and in other sides with Finland.30% of the work- After South Korea, the Netherlands is the eighth (Retrieved on 2015-01- 29) forces in Norway are working in the public sector, import partner and 3.6 percent of the country’s 2)Carlgren, Fredrik. (30 May 2016). “BNP per which rate is highest among the Organization for imports are made from Netherlands. capita”, Available at: http://www. ekonomifak- Economic Cooperation and Development (Statis- France and Poland are the ninth and tenth ta. se/Fakta/Ekonomi/Tillvaxt/BNP-per-capita/ tics Norway, 2014: 24). The Norwegian govern- import partners of Norway, accounting for 3.3 (Retrieved at: 27 July 2016). ment is large owners in key industries such as the and 3 percent of total imports in 2015 respective- 3)Ipsen, Erik. (20 November 1992). “Krona’s strategic petroleum sector (Statoil), hydroelectric ly (World’s Richest Countries, 22 March 2016). Fall Threatens a New Currency Crisis in Europe”, power generation (Statkraft), aluminum produc- Table 7. Ten import partners of Norway in 2015 Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/20/ tion (Norsk Hydro), the largest Norwegian bank (World’s Richest Countries, 22 May 2016) No. news/20iht-swed_2.html (Retrieved on 2015-05- 15) (DNB), and telecommunications service provider Country Imports (%) No. Country Imports (%) 4)Nyheter, Dagens. (26 May 2010). “Miljöpartiet round (Telenor). Through these big companies, 1 Sweden 11.5 6 Denmark 5.7 2 Germany 11.3 7 chattade om kärnkraften: Riksdagsledamoten Per government controls about 30% of the shares in South Korea 4.2 3 China 10.4 8 Norway 3.6 4 Eng- Bolund (MP) svarade på läsarnas frågor”, Available the Oslo Stock Exchange. land 6.4 9 France 3.3 5 The US 6.3 10 Poland 3 at: http://www.dn.se/nyheter/chattarkiv/miljop- Although in the two referenda in 1972 and Conclusion The Political Economy of Sweden and artietchattade-om-karnkraften/(Retrived at: 27 1994, Norwegian citizens have rejected joining Norway each is a kind of unique political economy Deember 2016). the EU, Norway, along with Liechtenstein and Ice- in the world. Such uniqueness is on the one hand 5)Persson, Mats. (14 September 2013). “Ten land are actively involved in Europe Free Trade the product of special geographic situation and years on, what Britain can learn from the Swed- Association (EØS-loven, 27 October 1992). As national income and wealth and small population ish euro referendum”, Available at: https://www. mentioned, Norway has a population of about 5 of the two countries. theguardian. com/commentisfree/2013/sep/14/ million. This is despite the fact that the country However, the main variables, namely the ex- swedish-euroreferendum-britain-learn (Retrived has abundant natural resources of oil and gas. istence of the welfare state in Sweden and Norway on 2016-02-01) 6)Static Sweden. (2016). “Exports Norway’s revenue from these sources (in proportion cannot ignore. Any interpretation of foreign policy, and imports of goods and services (1993- )”, Avail- to its population) is very high. Revenues from oil domestic politics and the economy of Sweden and able at: http://www.scb.se/sv_/Hitta-statistik/ Norway should be based on what the government and gas exports is half of total exports and over ports. Belgium where Europe Union’s headquarters cent of total imports in 2015 respectively (World’s Statistik-efter-amne/Nationalrakenskaper/Na- has done relative to the welfare state. Here, “welfare 20 percent of Norway’s gross domestic product. are located accounted for 4.9 percent of Norway’s Richest Countries, 22 March 2016). tionalrakenskaper/Nationalrakenskaper-kvar- state” should be considered as an independent Norway’s fifth largest oil exporter and third largest exports and placed sixth. Also 4.4 percent of total The Political Economy of Sweden and Norway tals- -och-arsberakningar/Aktuell-Pong/22918/ variable in the economic, political and security gas producer in the world; However, Norway is exports is made to the United States of America. each is a kind of unique political economy in the Diagram/219327/, (Retrieved on 2016-01-15) equations of the two countries of Sweden and Nor- not an OPEC member. Denmark, the other Nordic Cooperation Council’s world. Such uniqueness is on the one hand the 7)Statistika Centralbyran. (2016). “Svensk way. Membership in Scandinavia and the Nordic As a result, the country’s oil policies are not member, is eighth partner of Norway in exports product of special geographic situation and na- ekonomi är beroende av exporten”, Available at: countries strengthens the role of the welfare state OPEC-compliant (Statistics Norway, 2009: 40). and 3.7% of Norway’s total exports are made to tional income and wealth and small population of http://www. sverigeisiffror. scb. se/hitta-statis- in this regard. Promoting social democracy in the Norway follows model of prosperous countries that country. China and South Korea are the ninth the two countries. However, the main variables, tik/sverige-i-siffror/ samhallets-ekonomi/ex- 19th and 20th centuries has been productive of a of Northern Europe (Sweden). These countries and tenth export partners of Norway and Norway namely the existence of the welfare state in Sweden port-och-import-av-varor-ochtjanster/ (Retrieved structure that is called the Scandinavian welfare provide in return for tax-heavy universal health respectively account for 2.8 and 1.9 percent of and Norway cannot ignore. Any interpretation of at: 19 January 2016). state (the three countries, Sweden, Norway and insurance, welfare and education subsidies to their each of these countries’ exports (World’s Richest foreign policy, domestic politics and the economy 8)Acher, John. (6 September 2007). “Update Denmark) today. Political and economic structur- citizens. In Norway as well as Sweden there is a Countries, 30 May 2016). of Sweden and Norway should be based on what the 1-Statistics Norway Raises ‘07 GDP Outlook, Cuts al adjustment of Norway and Sweden with new comprehensive system of social security. Norway Condition of import in Norway In 2015, Nor- government has done relative to the welfare state. ‘08”, Available at: http://uk.reuters.com/article/nor- theories in the field of political economy and in- has one of the highest human development indica- way’s imports from different countries were $ Here, “welfare state” should be considered wayeconomy-forecasts-idUKL0674675920070906 ternational relations occur in favor of concepts tors in the world (United Nations, 2011). Another 76.3 billion. As seen, Norway’s import is lower as an independent variable in the economic, (Retrieved at: 8 March 2015). and elements associated with the welfare state point is related to oil economy of Norway. Norway’s than exports by about $ 30 billion less. This issue political and security equations of the two 9)Dwyer, Liz. (3 November 2015). “This Is in these two countries. revenues from crude oil sales are not spend as shows concerns of the Norwegian government to countries of Sweden and Norway. Member- the World’s Most Prosperous Nation (Hint: It’s The factors of establishment of the welfare state current spending but are reserved in a separate create balance between exports and imports is in ship in Scandinavia and the Nordic countries Not the U.S.)”, Available at: http://www.takepart. in Sweden and Norway can be divided into three fund. The value of the fund is estimated at $ 900 line with the emphasis on export-led economy. strengthens the role of the welfare state in this com/ article/2015/11/02/this-is-most-prosper- categories: 1- The factors underlying the welfare billion and is the largest fund in the world (Reed, Machinery, electronic equipment, ships and boats, regard. Promoting social democracy in the ous-nation-in-world-hint-not-us (Retrieved at: 5 state 2- Causing factors of the welfare state 3- Sta- 24 June 2014). metal products, pharmaceutical products, phar- 19th and 20th centuries has been productive November 2015). bilizers of the welfare state When it comes to the Norway is now considered one of the richest macy-set equipment, petroleum and gas products, of a structure that is called the Scandinavian 10)Grytten, Ola Honningdal. (2004a). “A underlying factors of the welfare state, we mean countries in the world, both in terms of per capita plastics and furniture and decorative products are welfare state (the three countries, Sweden, Consumer Price Index for Norway, 1516-2003.” the factors that strengthen a country’s ability to gross domestic product and in terms of capital items imported from other countries to Norway. Norway and Denmark) today. Political and (Working Paper), Norges Bank: Norwegian School create and deploy the welfare state. Two factors turnover. In terms of human development indi- Sweden has the most import to Norway. economic structural adjustment of Norway of Economics and Business Administration.