UKPAItllAll PSEP 1 EP Vol. V No. 4 — 5 LONDON, APRIL — MAY 1953 Price 1 sh NEW NAME, OLD CONTENTS PROBLEMS OF UKRAINIAN FOREIGN POLICY A New Change in A.C.L.P.R. which does not solve the Problem It is certainly no simple matter in this Both tendencies, as Well as all the place to present the Ukrainian problems Ukrainian politicians, are one in prin­ The “American Committee for the of foreign policy in their entirety or even ciple. This principle is: the political in­ Liberation of the Peoples of Russia” to make a prognosis over their future dependence, sovereignty and unity of (A.C.L.P.R.) in New York changed re­ possibilities. An attempt that would lead Ukraine. cently its name into “American Com­ to clearly defined and also detailed for- mittee for Liberation from Bolshevism, The second principle which is generally mularisation would be, from the very Inc.” (A.C.L.B.). This was announced by recognised by all Ukrainian political beginning, doomed to failure. This state a sp:cial Press release of March 25th, 53, groups is the opinion of the necessity of of affairs is conditioned by the present dissolving the Soviet empire and realising sent to all interested circles. This is the general political situation in the first place the political independence of all peoples third change of the name of this organi­ and the status quo in the Ukrainian zation. At its inception in February 1951 of the present Soviet Union. S.S.R. in the second. The Ukrainian poli­ The third, and just as important, prin­ it was called: “American Committee for tical emigration is moreover confronted, Freedom for the Peoples of the U .S.S.R.” ciple which is likewise shared by all the in their position of representatives of Ukrainian political groups, is the integ­ These frequent changes of the name Ukrainian political interests in the West, rity of Ukrainian national interests. Apart of this institution reflect pretty accurately by a strong Russophile current in the from the way in which this or that Uk­ the inward American difficulties at the Western camp, and must therefore build rainian political group, party or organi­ programmatical solution of the so-called up their positions in the sphere of ex ­ zation formulates its programme they ail 'Russian problem” . In this respect the ternal politics from a quite different recognize the Ukrainian national interests American policy hovers unhappily till this starting point. From this, the single traits as the highest, most valuable, and most very day between the anvil and the ham­ of the Ukrainian foreign policy are more worth striving for goal. This Ukrainian, mer: the rightful demands of the non- comprehensible. national interest does not demand that Russian nations for liberty and freedom The Principles the Ukrainians should not live in peace inclusively the right for the secession If one proceeds from the preliminary with our neighbour nations, or even clo­ from the Russian empire, and the lordly condition that, firstly, the foreign policy sely co-operate with them. It may be claims and pretensions of the Great Rus­ arises out of the workings of the internal said that the Ukrainian nation enjoys sian nationalists and chauvinists in va­ policy, secondly, only an active and con­ great fellow-feeling for various neigh­ rious “ democratic” disguises who are centrated internal policy forms a genuine bours (e. g. Byelorussians, Slovaks, etc.). trying, after the expected downfal of the basis of power for a foreign policy pro­ The neighbours of the Russians, however, bolshevism, to secure with the help and mising of success, and thirdly, the latter can in no way be described as their concurrence of the Americans the unity has its specific forms, one can say that friends. and indivisibility of the Russian empire. the majority in the Ukrainian political It must, however,»be quite unequivo­ The first change of the “ American emigration are convinced of the necessity cally stated that, in all the political dea­ Committee” was enacted by the Ameri­ of a positive, but strong, foreign policy. lings of all Ukrainians, the Ukrainian cans under the pressure of the Russian There are in fact two tendencies in national interest will take priority, Where­ right-wi: g chauvinistic elements who Ukrainian policy: one counts on the by Ukraine’s relations with her neighbour could not stomach the name and even the possibility of war between the West and nations will remain a positive one. Out indication of the possible future union the U.S.S.R. which will bring about the of that national interest also arises the of the nations or the republics in these liberation of Ukraine. That is the inter­ present trends of Ukrainian policy. realms of the globe. They wished the ventionist conception. The other depends The Trends reestablishment of the “ traditional, his­ primarily on the own strength of the Uk­ torical, age-honored” name of Russia, as rainian nation and intends to bring about One of the most important aspects of to indicate by the name itself that the Ukrainian independence in a revolutio­ the Ukrainian foreign policy is the co­ coming, past-bolshevist State would have nary way. The overwhelming majority ordination and strengthening of the anti- to be one and undivided empire and un­ of Ukrainians incline to the second idea. bolshevist campaign among the subju­ doubtedly the property of the “ Big Bro­ It deserves to be mentioned that both gated nations. The attempt of American ther” —the Russians, or better to say, the tendencies are differentiated only on the circles to solve this problem by themselves Muscovites. And the Russian imperialists plane of the tactics and strategy of the has not yet been crowned with success. Continued on Page 16 Ukrainian liberation struggle. Continued on Page 16 Page 2 UKRAINIAN OBSERVER No. 4 - 5 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE “Soldiers, ordinary citizens, mothers with their children, generals and dip­ THE DEATH OF STALIN lomats have been passing since 4 o’ or clock yesterdiy afternoon through the ‘WINNING THE RUSSIANS OVER’ Hall of Columns in the heart of Moscow. BY DNISTROVIUS “In the memory of the living Rus­ Two American Experiences they were forced, to make war and to sians there has been nothing before advance, the Americans would come to The American strategy of the anti­ like this spectacle. .. Russia as liberators and never as con­ bolshevik psychological warfare main­ “ The crowds converge on the Hall querors. All this boils down the slogan: tains to have appropriated two basic ex­ fo Columns from all points of the “ to crush the bolshevik regime, to win periences, both deriving from the history compass.. and from all the streets the people o ver!" The best way to crush of the II World War. Both may prove that lead into the center of the city. the Soviet regime is seen in separating to be decisive for the whole future of The converging lines are led into the the ruled masses from the ruling com­ America’s foreign policy. hall in a procession eight abreast to munist party. file through the solemn chamber where The first experience won by America’s All this sounds very fine. It is not the Stalin lies in state. own mistake stems from the allegedly task of this article to analyse how far “The deeper one penetrates into the wrong and unjust identification of the the present American opinion is justi­ place of mourning the stronger be­ German population with the Hitlerite re­ fied that the identification of Hitler’s re­ comes the ceremonial atmosphere of gime. This identification, as later events gime with the German people was Wrong. grief. the air is laden with the per­ inferentially proved, had devastating con­ Still the truth remains that as long as fume of thousands of mass blooms sequences. It led to America initiating the Hitler won his wars, the crushing mass banked together with red purple and demand for Germany’s unconditional of Germans supported Hitler with deli­ orange flowers of paper, wax and silk. surrender. This unnecessarily prolonged rious enthusiasm. But let us take for “Enormous flood lights have been the war, as the Germans, seeing no chance granted that in the case of the Germans placed to illuminate the shuffling for a honourable truce and peace, fought this identification of the nation with the throng... On a stage to the left a desperately to the last cartridge. This de­ regime was wrong. Does this constitute symphony orchestra plays funeral mu­ prived American policy of a chance to the cogent proof that the identification sic. drive a dividing wedge between the Nazi of bolshevik regime with the Russians, “Stalin lies with his face quiet and rule and the non-Hitlerite mass of the or better to say with the Muscovites, peaceful, surrounded by banks of flo­ population. Germany was deprived of would be wrong, too? her lawful government. Hence the four- wers. On the breast of his generalis­ Living already now under the Ame­ simo’s uniform gleam multicoloured partite occupation of the country be­ rican psychological suggestion that “the ribbons and many orders and medals. came unavoidable. This allowed Russia Russian people are right, the regime is “Stalin’s hands lie before him, and to become firmly entrenched in the midst wrong” the average American imagines of Europe—with further detrimental con­ about his figure there is an air of the Russians as a silent, reticent, evasive peace and repose. sequences which soon enough became crowd all continuously scared, with sullen only too obvious. “The mourning columns pass from eyes and dreary faces, circling the next the room where Stalin lies and go out The second experience was not by Ame­ cop if possible in half a mile distance.