Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 88 Issue 2 The Supreme Court and the American Article 18 Public April 2013 Banning the Hijab in Prisons: Violations of Incarcerated Muslim Women's Right to Free Exercise of Religion Ali Ammoura Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the First Amendment Commons, Law Enforcement and Corrections Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Ali Ammoura, Banning the Hijab in Prisons: Violations of Incarcerated Muslim Women's Right to Free Exercise of Religion, 88 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 657 (2013). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol88/iss2/18 This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 194 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͸ǦǦ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣͶͲ HIJAB ǣ ǯ ͳǡ ʹͲͳͳǡ ǡ hijabǡ ǡ ǡǦ ǡhijab Ǥͳ hijabǦǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥʹ Ǧ ǡ Ǥǡ Ǥ͵ Ǧ ȋ ȌǤͶ ǯ ǡͷ Ǥ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 194 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ǡǯ Ǥ hijab ȗ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ʹͲͳʹǢ ǤǤǡ Ƭ ǡ ǦǡʹͲͲ͵Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ͳǤ ǤǤǡǤͲ͹ǦͳͲͳʹȋ ȌǡʹͲͲͺͺʹʹͷ͸ʹǡȗͳȋǤǤ ǤʹͲͲͺȌǡrev’d͸͵ͻ Ǥ͵ͺͻͺǡͻͲ͸ȋͻǤʹͲͳͳȌǡcert.deniedǡͳ͵ʹǤǤͳͳͷȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ʹǤKhatibǡʹͲͲͺͺʹʹͷ͸ʹȗͳǤ ͵ǤId. ͶǤId. ͷǤKhatibǡ͸͵ͻ Ǥ͵ͻͲ͸Ǥ ͸ͷ͹ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 194 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͸ǦǦ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣͶͲ ͸ͷͺ CHICAGOǦKENTLAWREVIEW ȏͺͺǣʹ Ǥ͸ ǡǯ ǡǦ Ǧ hijabǡ Ǥ ǯ ǡ Ǥ͹ǡ Ǥͺ ǯ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ hijab Ǥ Ǥͻ ǡ hijab ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Khatibv.CountyofOrangeǡ Ǧ Dzdz 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 194 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ǡ hijabǤ ǡ ͸Ǥ Ǧ hijabǡniqabȋȌǡ Ǧǡniqab ǯ niqab Ǥ See ǡ France Burqa Ban Takes Effect; Two Women Detainedǡ ȋǤ ͳͳǡ ʹͲͲͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤǤ ȀʹͲͳͳȀͲͶȀͳͳȀ ǦǦ ǦǦ̴̴ͺͶ͹͵͸͸ǤǤ ͹ǤSeeǡTheLegalStatusofHijabintheUnitedStates:ALookattheSociopolitical InfluencesontheLegalRighttoWeartheMuslimHeadscarfǡͷ ƬǤ ǤͶͶͳǡ ͶͺͶǦͺͻȋʹͲͲͺȌȋ hijab ǡ ȌǤ Khatib v.CountyofOrange ǤSee͸͵ͻ Ǥ͵ͻͲ͸Ǥ ͺǤSee ǤǤǤǡͶ͵͵ǤǤͳͳͻǡͳʹͺǦ͵Ͳȋͳͻ͹͹ȌǤ ͻǤ ȋ Ȍǡ Ǥ Ǥ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 195 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͸ǦǦ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣͶͲ ʹͲͳ͵Ȑ PRISONERSRIGHTSTORELIGIOUSPRACTICE ͸ͷͻ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ HIJAB: ǡ hijab ǤͳͲDzhijabdz Dzhajabaǡdz ǡ ǡ Ǥͳͳ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥͳʹ hijab Quranǡ ǡ Ǧ ǯǡͳ͵ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ Dz ȏȐ ȏȐ ǡ ȏ ȐȏȐǤǤǤdzͳͶ Dz ȏȐ ȏȐ ǤǤǤ ȏȐ ȏȐ ȏȐ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ Ǥdzͳͷ ǡ ǯ ͳ͸ Ǥͳ͹ Ǧ hijabǤ hijab Ǧ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 195 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 Quran Ǥͳͺ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ͳͲǤ ǡ ǡ kufiǡ ǡniqabǡ ǦǤ ͳͳǤ ʹ ͹ʹͳȋ ǤǤǤǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ ͳʹǤ Id. ͳ͵Ǥ Quran͵͵ǣͷ͵ȋǤǡͳͳǤʹͲͲͻȌǤ ͳͶǤ Id.ʹͶǣ͵ͲǤ ͳͷǤ Id.ʹͶǣ͵ͳǤ ͳ͸Ǥ Id. ͳ͹. Id.͵͵ǣͷͻǤ ͳͺǤ Ǥ ǡ The Veil in Islamǡ ǣ ȋ ͳͻͻͻȌǡ ǣȀȀǤǤ ȀȀ ȀͲͲͲͲͲʹͳʹǤȋ DzSunanHadithAbuǦDawuddzȌǤ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 195 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͸ǦǦ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣͶͲ ͸͸Ͳ CHICAGOǦKENTLAWREVIEW ȏͺͺǣʹ mahramǡǦǡ Ǧ Ǥͳͻǯmahram ǡǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǦǦǡ ǤʹͲ hijab ǡʹͳ ǦǤ niqabǡ ǡ niqab ǡǤ Ǥ ǡ hijab Ǥ Ǧ Ǧ hijabǤʹʹ hijab Dz dz Ǧ Ǥʹ͵ Ǧ Dz hijabǡdz ǡ ǤʹͶ ǡ ǡ ǤʹͷǦ hijab Ǧ Ǥʹ͸ hijabǡ Dz Ǥdzʹ͹ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 195 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ǡǡ hijabǦ Ǧ ǡ Ǥʹͺ hijabǡǡǦ ͳͻ. Quranǡsupraͳ͵ǡʹͶǣ͵ͳǤ ʹͲ. Id. ʹͳ. Id. ʹʹǤ ǤƬ ǡHijabandAmericanMuslimWomen:CreatingtheSpacefor AutonomousSelveǡ͸ͺǣ͵Ǥ ʹ͸ͻȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ ʹ͵. Id.ʹͺͳǤ ʹͶ. Id. ʹͷ. Id. ʹ͸. Id.ʹͺͶǤ ʹ͹. Id.ʹͺͳǤ ʹͺ. Id.ʹ͸ͻǦ͹ͳǤ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 196 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͸ǦǦ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣͶͲ ʹͲͳ͵Ȑ PRISONERSRIGHTSTORELIGIOUSPRACTICE ͸͸ͳ Ǧ Ȅ Ȅ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ hijab Ǥǡ hijabǡǡǦ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ hijab ǡ Ǧ ǦǤ ǡ ǡʹͻ Ǧ Ǥ hijabǡ Ǥǡ hijabǤǡ hijabǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ hijab ǡ Ǥ ǡ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 196 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 Ǥ ǡ hijab ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ ǡ ʹͻǤ Quranǡsupraͳ͵ǡʹǣʹͷ͸Ǥ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 196 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͸ǦǦ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣͶͲ ͸͸ʹ CHICAGOǦKENTLAWREVIEW ȏͺͺǣʹ Ǥ͵Ͳ Sherbert v. Vernerǡ ǡ Ǧ Dz dz Ǥ͵ͳ ǡ Ǧ ǯ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ͵ʹ ǡ Ǧ Wisconsinv.Yoderǡ Ǥ͵͵ Sherbert Yoder Ǧ ǯ ǡ Procunierv.MartinezǤ͵ͶProcunierǡ Ǧ ǯ DzȏȐ Ǧ dz ǯ Dz Ǧ Ǥdz͵ͷ ǡ Ǥ͵͸ Ǧ Ǥ͵͹ǡ ͵Ͳ. See ǡReligiousPracticeinPrison&TheReligiousLandUseandInstitutionalǦ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 196 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 izedPersonsAct(RLUIPA):StrictScrutinyProperlyRestoredǡ͸ ǤǤƬ ͹ǡǤͷǦ ͳ͸ȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ ͵ͳǤ ͵͹Ͷ ǤǤ ͵ͻͺǡ ͶͲ͵ ȋͳͻ͸͵Ȍ ȋ ǯ ȌǤ ͵ʹ. Id. specifically Ǧ Ǧ Dz ǤdzId.ͶͳͲǤ ͵͵Ǥ ͶͲ͸ǤǤʹͲͷǡʹͳͷȋͳͻ͹ʹȌǤ ͵ͶǤ Ͷͳ͸ǤǤ͵ͻ͸ǡͶͳ͹Ǧʹͳȋͳͻ͹ͶȌǤǯ Procunierv.Martinezǡ Ǧ ǯ ǢseeǡTheyCanTakeYourBodyButNotYourSoul—OrSoYou Thought—TheThirdCircuit’sApplicationoftheStandardinPrisoners’FreeExerciseCasesǡ ͳͲ Ǥ ǤǤͳǡͷȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ ͵ͷ. ProcunierǡͶͳ͸ǤǤͶͳ͵ǦͳͶǤ ͵͸. Seeǡsupra͵ͶǡͷǤ ͵͹. Id. ͸Ǧ͹Ǣ see Ǥ ǡ ͶͶͳ ǤǤ ͷʹͲǡ ͷͷͲǦͷͳ ȋͳͻ͹ͻȌ ȋ ǯ ǯ ȌǢ ǤǤǤ ǡ Ͷ͵͵ ǤǤ ͳͳͻǡ ͳ͵ʹǦ͵͵ ȋͳͻ͹͹Ȍ ȋ ȌǤ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 197 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͸ǦǦ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣͶͲ ʹͲͳ͵Ȑ PRISONERSRIGHTSTORELIGIOUSPRACTICE ͸͸͵ ǯ ͵ͺ Ǥ͵ͻ Turnerv.Safelyǡ ǯ ǡDz ǯ dz Dz Ǧ ǤdzͶͲ Turnerǡ ǣȋͳȌDzǡ dzǢ ȋʹȌ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ǯ Ǣ ȋ͵Ȍ ǡǯǡ Ǧ ǢȋͶȌ Ǧ ǯ de minimis ǤͶͳ TurnerǦ O’Lonev.EstateofShabazzǡ Ǧ ǯ ǯ Ǧ ǤͶʹDzǦ dz ǤͶ͵ǯ Turner Shabazz Dz dzǯ ǡ Ǧ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 197 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 Ǥ Ǥ EmploymentDivisionv.Smithǡ ǡ Ǧ ͵ͺ. SeeProcunierǡͶͳ͹ǤǤͺʹʹȋǯǦ ǡ ǡǡǦ ȌǤ ͵ͻ. Seeid.ͺʹ͹Ǧʹͺȋ Ǧ ȌǤ ͶͲǤ ͶͺʹǤǤ͹ͺǡͺ͹Ǧͺͻȋͳͻͺ͹Ȍȋ ǯ ȌǤ ͶͳǤ Id.ͺͻǦͻͳǤ Ͷʹ. ͶͺʹǤǤ͵Ͷ͵ǡ͵Ͷͻȋͳͻͺ͹ȌǤ Ͷ͵. Id.͵ͶͻǦͷʹǤ ǣ Ǣ Dzdz ǤId.͵ͷͲǦͷ͵Ǥ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 197 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͸ǦǦ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣͶͲ ͸͸Ͷ CHICAGOǦKENTLAWREVIEW ȏͺͺǣʹ ǡ ǡ ǯ ǤͶͶ ǡSmith ǡͶͷ ȋ ȌǤͶ͸ ǡ DzǦ ǯ Ǧ dz Dz ǤǤǤ ȏȐ ǤdzͶ͹ ǡ City of Boerne v. Flores Ǧ ͷ ǤͶͺǡ ǤͶͻ ǯ City of Boerneǡ ǡͷͲ Ǥ City of Boerne ȋ ȌǤͷͳ Ǧ ǡ City of Boerne Ǧ Ǥͷʹ ǡ Ǧ ǯ ǡ Dz dz Dz dz Ǥͷ͵ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 197 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͶͶǤ ͶͻͶǤǤͺ͹ʹǡͺͻͲȋͳͻͻͲȌǤ ͶͷǤ ͶʹǤǤǤȚʹͲͲͲȋȌȋͳȌȋʹͲͲ͸ȌȋDz Ǧ Sherbertv.Vernerǡ͵͹ͶǤǤ͵ͻͺȋͳͻ͸͵ȌWisconsinv.YoderǡͶͲ͸ǤǤʹͲͷ ȋͳͻ͹ʹȌ ǤdzȌǢǤǤǤͳͲ͵Ǧͳͳͳǡͳͺͻͺȋͳͻͻ͵ȌǤ Ͷ͸Ǥ ǡͶʹǤǤǤȚʹͲͲͲǦͳȋͳͻͻͶȌǡinvalidatedby Ǥ ǡͷʹͳǤǤͷͲ͹ȋͳͻͻ͹Ȍȋ ȌǤ Ͷ͹Ǥ ͶʹǤǤǤȚȚʹͲͲͲȋȌȋͳȌǦȋʹȌǤ ͶͺǤ ͷʹͳǤǤͷͲ͹ǡͷ͵͸ȋͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ Ͷͻ.