Xylella fastidiosa Biologia i epidemiologia Emili Montesinos Seguí Catedràtic de Producció Vegetal (Patologia Vegetal) Universitat de Girona [email protected] www.youtube.com/watch?v=sur5VzJslcM Xylella fastidiosa, un patogen que no és nou Newton B. Pierce (1890s, USA) Agrobacterium tumefaciens Chlamydiae Proteobacteria Bartonella bacilliformis Campylobacter coli Bartonella henselae CDC Chlamydophila psittaci Campylobacter fetus Bartonella quintana Bacteroides fragilis CDC Brucella melitensis Bacteroidetes Chlamydophila pneumoniae Campylobacter hyointestinalis Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Campylobacter jejuni CDC Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus CDC Chlamydia trachomatis Capnocytophaga canimorus Campylobacter lari CDC Brucella melitensis biovar Canis Chryseobacterium meningosepticum Parachlamydia acanthamoebae Campylobacter upsaliensis CDC Brucella melitensis biovar Suis Helicobacter pylori Candidatus Liberibacter africanus CDC Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Borrelia burgdorferi Epsilon Borrelia hermsii CDC Anaplasma phagocytophilum Borrelia recurrentis Alpha CDC Ehrlichia canis Spirochetes Borrelia turicatae CDC Ehrlichia chaffeensis Eikenella corrodens Leptospira interrogans CDC Ehrlichia ewingii CDC CDC Neisseria gonorrhoeae Treponema pallidum Ehrlichia ruminantium CDC Neisseria meningitidis CDC Neorickettsia sennetsu Spirillum minus Orientia tsutsugamushi Fusobacterium necrophorum Beta Fusobacteria CDC Bordetella pertussis Rickettsia conorii Streptobacillus moniliformis Burkholderia cepacia Rickettsia felis Burkholderia mallei Rickettsia prowazekii CDC Firmicutes CDC Rickettsia rickettsii Staphylococcus aureus Burkholderia pseudomallei Gamma Enterotoxin A Ralstonia mannitolilytica Rickettsia typhi Enterococcus faecalis Ralstonia pickettii Enterotoxin B CDC Francisella tularensis Enterococcus faecium Ralstonia solanacearum Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative Tatlockia micdadei Enterococcus flavescens Staphylococcus epidermidis Legionella longbeachae Stentrophomonas maltophila Streptococcus acidominimus Staphylococcus haemolyticus CDC Legionella pneumophila Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum Streptococcus agalactiae Staphylococcus intermedius CDC Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Streptococcus bovis Staphylococcus saprophyticus Coxiella burnetti Streptococcus canis Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Listeria ivanovii Streptococcus criceti Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea Xylella fastidiosa CDC Listeria monocytogenes Streptococcus equi Acinetobacter lwoffii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alteromonas tetraodonis Listeria seeligeri Streptococcus intermedius Acinetobacter radioresistans Pseudomonas alcaligenes Tetrodotoxin Listeria welshimeri Streptococcus milleri Moraxella catarrhalis Pseudomonas fluorescens CDC CDC CDC Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae Bacillus anthracis Pseudomonas putida Aeromonas sp. CDC Streptococcus pyogenes Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Pseudomonas stutzeri Haemophilus aegyptius Bacillus cereus Streptococcus suis subsp. Anitratus CDC Haemophilus ducreyi Streptococcus uberis Bacilli Bacillus subtilis Haemophilus parahaemolyticus Streptococcus viridans CDC Vibrio cholerae Haemophilus parainfluenzae Cholera Toxin Haemophilus paraphrophilus Mycoplasma pneumoniae Vibrio mimicus Pasteurella multocida Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Vibrio parahaemolyticus Mycoplasma mycoides Actinobacteria Mollicutes Vibrio vulnificus Mycoplasma capricolum CDC Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC Escherichia coli subsp. Capripneumoniae Mycobacterium abscessus Shiga Toxin Rhodococcus equi Mycobacterium avium Salmonella bongori Clostridia Actinomyces israelii Citrobacter freundii Salmonella choleraesuis Anaerococcus prevotii Mycobacterium bovis Actinomyces naeslundii Edwardsiella tarda CDC Salmonella enteriditis CDC Clostridium botulinum Mycobacterium fortuitum Propionibacterium acnes Enterobacter aerogenes Salmonella paratyphi Botulinum toxin Mycobacterium kansasii Rothia dentocariosa Enterobacter cloacae CDC Salmonella typhimurium Clostridium difficile CDC Mycobacterium leprae Clavibacter michiganensis Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae CDC Salmonella typhi Clostridium perfringens Mycobacterium haemophilum subsp. Sepedonicus CDC Nocardia asteroides Morganella morganii Shigella boydii Epsilon toxin Mycobacterium marinum CDC Nocardia nova Proteus mirabilis Shigella dysenteriae Clostridium septicum Mycobacterium scrofulaceum CDC Shigella flexneri CDC Corynebacterium amycolatum Proteus vulgaris Clostridium tetani Mycobacterium simiae CDC Providencia stuartii Shigella sonnei Peptococcus niger Corynebacterium jeikeium Mycobacterium szulgai Serratia marcescens Yersinia enterocolitica Peptostreptococcus anaerobius Corynebacterium xerosis Mycobacterium ulcerans Yersinia pseudotuberculosis CDC Corynebacterium diphtheriae Veillonella dispar Mycobacterium xenopi CDC Yersinia pestis Diphtheria toxin Ecker et al. BMC Microbiology 2005 5:19 doi:10.1186/1471-2180-5-19 MALALTIES CAUSADES PER Xylella fastidiosa Malaltia de Pierce (vid) Clorosi variegada dels citrics http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repository/ calag/img6801p20.jpg http://www.ivia.es/iocv/enfermedades/ Mort sobtada de les oliveres Asurat del baladre (Nereum oleander) http://www.eppo.int/QUARANTINE/special_topics/ http://orange.ifas.ufl.edu/cfnurseries/pdffiles/ Xylella_fastidiosa/Xylella_fastidiosa.htm plantfacts/Oleander.pdf ULTRAESTRUCTURA TEM http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/prokaryotes/Pages/ BacterialLeafScorch.aspx Colonització dels vasos del xilema http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/pest/main/136652/3760 CULTIU Medi PCYE 1.0g KH2PO4 1.1g K HPO 2 4 0.25g FeSO4.7H2O 0.4g Mg SO4.7H2O 2.0 g carbó activat 10.0 g extracte de llevat, 1 L aigua destil.lada 8.0 g Gelrite o 10.0 g agar-agar. pH=6.9 con 1 M KOH Autoclavar Colònies en Agar (1-3 mm, 15-30 dies) Lopes y Torres. Current Microbiol. Vol. 53 (2006), pp. 467–469 http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/ lessons/prokaryotes/Pages/ BacterialLeafScorch.aspx DIVERSITAT subsp. fastidiosa (xff): causa la malaltia de Pierce en vid en la UE i asurat de la fulla de l’ametller (almond leaf scorch). subsp. multiplex (xfm): produeix asurat (leaf scorch diseases) en una gran nombre de arbres i és endèmica de Nord Amèrica. Afecta a fruiters de pinyol, Quercus i pecans. subsp. pauca (xfp): causa la clorosi variegada dels cítrics (Brasil), Asurat de la fulla del cafeto a Sud Amèrica, del baladre a Costa Rica. subsp. sandyi (xfs): responsable del asurat de fulles del baladre a California y Texas (USA). També afecta a magnolies i xicrandes. Plantes hoste de Xylella fastidiosa Subespècie Hoste Gènere Espècie fastidiosa 42 138 164 multiplex 28 69 84 pauca 16 30 36 sandyi 5 6 5 Font: EFSA Journal 2015;13(1):3989. Xylella fastidiosa pest risk assessment ALTRES PLANTES HOSTE DE X. fastidiosa http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/xylella/index.html I MOLTS MÉS … GENOMA CARÁCTERÍSTIQUES DEL GENOMA DE X. fastidiosa Soques seqüenciades: 9a5c (taronger, 1992) Ann-1 (baladre) Temecula-1 (vid, 1998) Dixon (ametller) 2.390-2.730 Kb 1600 gens (varis plàsmids) • absència de gens d’avirulència (avr) • toxines (hemolisines, bacteriocines, poliquètids…) • exomucopolisacàrids (xantans!). Agregació, taponament. • fímbries (adhesió, biofilm) • sistema secretor Tipus II (enzims) • betaglucanases (PG, CEL). Migració xilema • proteïnes de transport (ions, aa, ch, etc.). Nutrició • metabolisme oxidatiu (glucòlisi, Krebs, ETS) AÏLLAT D’APULIA (ITÀLIA) EN OLIVERES crossmark Draft Genome Sequence of the Xylella fastidiosa CoDiRO Strain Annalisa Giampetruzzi,a Michela Chiumenti,a Maria Saponari,a Giacinto Donvito,b Alessandro Italiano,b Giuliana Loconsole,a Donato Boscia,a Corrado Cariddi,c Giovanni Paolo Martelli,c Pasquale Saldarellia Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italya; Department of Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italyb; Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italyc A.G. and M.C. contributed equally to this work. We determined the draft genome sequence of the Xylella fastidiosa CoDiRO strain, which has been isolated from olive plants in southern Italy (Apulia). It is associated with olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) and characterized by extensive scorching and desiccation of leaves and twigs. Received 22 December 2014 Accepted 5 January 2015 Published 12 February 2015 Citation Giampetruzzi A, Chiumenti M, Saponari M, Donvito G, Italiano A, Loconsole G, Boscia D, Cariddi C, Martelli GP, Saldarelli P. 2015. Draft genome sequence of the Xylella fastidiosa CoDiRO strain. Genome Announc 3(1):e01538-14. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01538-14. Copyright © 2015 Giampetruzzi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Address correspondence to Annalisa Giampetruzzi, [email protected]. ylella fastidiosa is a xylem-restricted Gram-negative bacterium resulting in the identification of 6 rRNA genes, 49 tRNA loci, 2,053 Xand the agent of diseases of a wide range of hosts (1). Currently, protein-encoding genes, and 2 noncoding RNAs. A plasmid of Genomaseven X. fastidiosa genomes: 2.508 have been completelyKb (+ sequenced, pXf35.3), in- 35,318 bp was 2053 also found sharing proteines 98% similarity in the tra and trb cluding citrus-variegated chlorosis strain 9a5c, Pierce’s disease loci with the conjugative plasmid pXF-RIV5 (10), but differing strains Temecula