Note on Spelling and the Use of Terms In general, I have followed the practice of the Hudson's Bay Company's Archives. 'Timiskaming,' however, is the modern spelling. The original French 'Te1niscamingue' later became 'Temiscaming' or 'Temiskaming,' but I have considered it preferable to use the modern spelling through­ out. Similarly, I have continued to refer to the post as 'Fort Timiskaming,' although after the coalition of 1821 it was often called 'Timiskaming House,' in line with the English practice for the inland posts. Again, for the sake of uniformity, I have used 'Moose Fort' in­ stead of 'Moose Factory.· The term 'voyagers' is employed in the Hudson's Bay Archives for the Company's canoemen, usually Orkneymen or Indians, and I have adopted it in order t.o distinguish them from the French 'voyageurs' of the North West Company. Moreover, the Archives always refer to 'Orkneymen,' never the more correct 'Orcadians.' The English form for modern Lac des Deux Montagnes, Quebec, 'Lake of Two Mountains,' appears consistently in the Archives both for the lake and the post and I have accordingly used it throughout, except for one reference to the modern lake. Surnames and other names were often spelled the way they sounded, not always correctly. William Polson's name, for instance, appears thus both in the Hudson-'s Bay Company's records and on his tombstone, although the correct spelling 'Paulson' was used in the case of his father, William Paulson, a surgeon at Moose Fort. Modern Paul­ son Bay at the head of Lake Timiskaming is named after William Pol­ son and his family. Finally, in transcribing quotations from the original documents I have followed the practice of lowering the upper case end­ ings for abbreviations, for example, 'Mr' instead of 'Mr', 'Inds' instead of 'Ind•', and so on. This page intentionally left blank Chief Factor Robert Hamilton, commander of the Timiskaming district, 1865-8 The Cameron family at Niagara Falls, 1858: (from left to right) James Cameron (aged twelve), Chief Factor Angus Cameron's son and after­ wards Dr James Cameron of Firhall; Angus Cameron, the Chief Factor's nephew and later second president of the Bank of Toronto; his wife, FranoesSimpson Cameron, Sir George Simpson's daughter; Chief Factor Angus Cameron; Grace Cameron, sister of the younger Angus Cameron and niece of the Chief Factor Chief Factor Angus Cameron in old age (Public Archives of Ontario) Chief Trader Charles Stuart, commander of the Timiskaming district, 1868-72 (?) (Public Archives of Ontario) Side view of Fort Tirniskamingabout 1875, taken fromthe Ontario side of the narrows Front view of Fort Timiskaming from the south, no date (Public Archivesof Ontario) Hudson's Ba y Post, Bear Island, Lake Timagami, no date (Public Archivesof Ontario) Indians at Fort Mattagami (Matawagamingue), July 1906 (Public Archivesof Ontario) Louis MacDougall, sign er of th e James Bay Indian Treaty at Fort Abitibi, 7 June 1906, and probably Alexander McDougall's grandson (Public Archives of Ontario) Hudson's Bay canoe on Lac des Quinze (Ottawa River), 1907 (Public Archivesof Ontario) AEneas Cameron's Beaver Club medal, obverse and reverse .