Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 ( 2016 ) 235 – 240 UG*OREDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ%XVLQHVVDQG6RFLDO6FLHQFH*&%66'HFHPEHU .XDOD/XPSXU0DOD\VLD 7UDFLQJWKH0DOD\VLQWKH0DOD\/DQG $EGXO0XWDOLE(PERQJD -XKDUL6KDP-XVRKE-XOLDQL+XVVHLQF5D]LWD0RKDPPDGG aUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak MALAYSIA bUniversiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 21300 Terengganu MALAYSIA cTerengganu Advanced Technical Institute-College University 24000 Terengganu MALAYSIA dUniversiti Teknologi MARA Dungun 23000 Terengganu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©7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG 2016 The Authors. 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WKHUG*&%66 Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 3rd GCBSS-2015 Keywords:0DOD\ Orang Melayu2ULJLQV*HQHWLF Sejarah Melayu ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KHRULJLQRIWKH0DOD\LVGRXEWIXO%ULWDQQLFDHQF\FORSHGLDGHILQHVWKHMalayRUOrang Melayu (“MalayPeople´ DQ\PHPEHURIDQHWKQLFJURXSRIWKH0DOD\3HQLQVXODDQGSRUWLRQVRIDGMDFHQWLVODQGVRI6RXWKHDVW$VLD LQFOXGLQJ WKHHDVWFRDVWRI6XPDWUDWKHFRDVWRI%RUQHRDQGVPDOOHULVODQGVWKDWOLHEHWZHHQWKHVHDUHDV7KH0DOD\VVSHDN YDULRXVGLDOHFWVEHORQJLQJWRWKH$XVWURQHVLDQ 0DOD\R3RO\QHVLDQ IDPLO\RIODQJXDJHV 0DOD\ 6RPHFODLPHG 0DOD\VZHUHDPRQJWKHHDUOLHVWLQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVLQWKH0DOD\$UFKLSHODJRVWDUWHGIURPFRDVWDO%RUQHRDQGWKHQ H[SDQGHG LQWR 6XPDWUD DQG WKH 0DOD\ 3HQLQVXOD DV D UHVXOW RI WKHLU WUDGLQJ DQG VHDIDULQJ ZD\ RI OLIH 7KDW WKLV &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ E-mail address::PXWDOLEBHPERQJ#SHWURQDVFRPP\ 1877-0428 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 3rd GCBSS-2015 doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.011 236 Abdul Mutalib Embong et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 ( 2016 ) 235 – 240 H[SDQVLRQRFFXUUHGRQO\LQWKHODVW\HDUVRUVRLVLQGLFDWHGE\WKHIDFWWKDWWKHODQJXDJHVRIWKH0DOD\JURXSDUH DOOVWLOOYHU\PXFKDOLNH %OXVW VRPHKRZEULHIHG³0DOD\LVRQHRIWKHUDFHVLQWKHIDPLO\RIDYHU\EURDGHWKQLFJURXSNQRZQDVWKH 0DOD\R3RO\QHVLDQRU$XVWURQHVLDQ$PRQJWKHWULEHVLQWKLVIDPLO\DUH0DOD\-DYDQHVH%XJLV6XQGDQHVH0DRUL +DZDLL)LMLDQGVRRQ7KH0DOD\UHJLRQLVYHU\ZLGH7KLVLVVXSSRUWHGE\:DOODFHDQH[SHUWLQDQWKURSRORJ\DQG ZRUOGKLVWRU\IURP2[IRUGZKRZURWHThe Malay Archipelago PHQWLRQHG³WKH0DOD\DUFKLSHODJRDVWKHZKROH 6RXWK(DVW$VLDWKDWIRUPVDWULDQJOHVWDUWLQJIURP1LFREDU,VODQGLQWKH(DVW6HDWRWKH6RORPRQ,VODQGVLQWKH6RXWK (DVWDQGRI/X]RQLQWKH1RUWKWR5RWWLQHDUWKHLVODQGRI7LPRULQWKH6RXWK´+HGLYLGHVWKHYDVWDUHDVLQWRVHYHUDO JURXSV,QGR0DOD\D,VODQGV7LPRU,VODQGV0DOXNXDQG3DSXDLVODQGV 6KDKDULU 0SX 3UDSDQFD D -DYDQHVH SRHW IURP WKH UR\DO 0DMDSDKLW LQ KLVDesawarnama LQ KDG OLVWHG VRPH DUHDV LGHQWLILHGDVWKHODQGRIWKH0DOD\VVXFKDV-DPEL3DOHPEDQJ-DNDUWD.DPSDU.DPSDU5RNDQ3DQH.DPSH$UX 0DQGDLOHQJ7XPLDQJ/DPXUL%DUXVLQ6XPDWUDDQG/DQJNDVXND.HGDK.HODQWDQDQG3DKDQJLQ0DOD\3HQLQVXOD 0DONLHO-LUPRXQVN\ 7KH0DOD\FODVVLFDOWH[WVVXFKDVWKHMalay Annals Sejarah Melayu Undang-Undang Melaka 06 a Hikayat Merpati Mas dan Merpati Perak 06 DQGAdat Raja Melayua066 DOVRXVHWKHWHUPsons of the soilLWVHOIZKLFKFRXOGEHWUDFHGIURPDP\VWHULRXVXVDJHRIWKHZRUGµtanah¶RU VRPHWLPHµbumL¶ ERWKFRXOGEHWUDQVODWHGDVµVRLO¶RUµFOD\¶ ZKLFKFRQVLVWHQWO\DSSHDUVLQ,QWKHMalay Annals Sejarah MelayuHG6KHOODEHDU$6DPDG$KPDG¶V WKHXVDJHRIWKHZRUG‘tanah’ VRLO LVDV IROORZV “Segala Melayu itu tanahmu, seperti kata Arab Al-’abdi tini’lmaulahu, yang hamba itu tanah tuannya”. %URZQ¶VWUDQVODWLRQRI065DIIOHV1RDVIROORZV “the Malays are your clay as the Arab Tradition says, Al-’abdi tinu’lmaulahu, which being interpreted is ‘the slave is as it were his master”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µMalayadvipa¶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bdul Mutalib Embong et al. / Procedia - 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