Title Tungusic from the Perspective of Areal Linguistics : Focusing on the Bikin Dialect of Udihe Author(s) 白, 尚燁 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(文学) 甲第12069号 Issue Date 2016-03-24 DOI 10.14943/doctoral.k12069 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/61556 Type theses (doctoral) File Information Baek_Sangyub.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Tungusic from the Perspective of Areal Linguistics: Focusing on the Bikin Dialect of Udihe （地域言語学的観点から見たツングース諸語―ウデヘ語のビキン方言を中心に） By Sangyub BAEK A Thesis Submitted to Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University In Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor in the field of History and Area Studies Table of Contents List of Figures .................................................................................................................................... i List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... iii List of Maps ..................................................................................................................................... vi Preface ........................................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................ ix List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ x Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... xii Chapter I Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Languages ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1. Tungusic ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2. Neighboring languages ................................................................................................. 5 1.3. Typological overview.......................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Theoretical framework ........................................................................................................ 7 1.5. Linguistic data .................................................................................................................... 8 1.6. Dissertation structure .......................................................................................................... 8 Chapter II Review of Literature ................................................................................................... 11 2.1. Tungusic from the perspective of micro areal linguistics................................................... 12 2.1.1. First group ................................................................................................................. 12 2.1.2. Second group ............................................................................................................. 13 2.1.3. Third group ................................................................................................................ 14 2.1.4. Fourth group .............................................................................................................. 14 2.2. Tungusic from the perspective of macro areal linguistics .................................................. 14 2.2.1. Tsumagari (1996, 1997a) ........................................................................................... 15 2.2.2. Anderson (2006) ........................................................................................................ 16 2.3. Review .............................................................................................................................. 16 Chapter III Third person marking on finite indicative forms .................................................... 18 3.1. Typological parameters for third person marking .............................................................. 20 3.2. Udihe ................................................................................................................................ 21 3.2.1. Third person marking on finite indicative forms in Udihe .......................................... 22 3.2.2. Grammatical function of the verbal derivational suffix -du ........................................ 23 3.2.2.1. Previous studies ................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2.1.1. Nikolaeva and Tolskaya (2001) ..................................................................... 24 3.2.2.1.2. Kazama (2003a, 2007d, 2008e) ..................................................................... 26 3.2.2.2. Examination on the verbal suffix -du ................................................................... 26 3.2.2.2.1. Distinction between the finite and participle verbs ........................................ 27 3.2.2.2.2. Relationship between the verbal suffix -du and person .................................. 29 3.2.2.2.3. Relationship between the verbal suffix -du and evidentiality......................... 31 3.2.2.2.4. Grammatical function of the verbal suffix -du ............................................... 32 3.2.3. Summary .................................................................................................................... 34 3.3. Tungusic ........................................................................................................................... 34 3.3.1. Finite indicative forms in Tungusic ............................................................................ 34 3.3.2. First group ................................................................................................................. 36 3.3.3. Second group ............................................................................................................. 39 3.3.4. Third group ................................................................................................................ 40 3.3.5. Fourth group .............................................................................................................. 42 3.3.6. Summary .................................................................................................................... 43 3.4. Neighboring languages ...................................................................................................... 45 3.4.1. Kolima Yukaghir and Russian .................................................................................... 45 3.4.2. Turkic (Sakha, Kazakh, Uyghur) ................................................................................ 47 3.4.3. Mongolic (Buryat, Dagur, Khakha) ............................................................................ 49 3.4.4. Chinese ...................................................................................................................... 51 3.5. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 52 Chapter IV Converbal ending *-mi .............................................................................................. 54 4.1. Previous studies ................................................................................................................ 56 4.1.1. Benzing (1956) .......................................................................................................... 57 4.1.2. Kazama (2003b, 2010a, 2010b) .................................................................................. 58 4.2. Typological parameters of converbs .................................................................................. 58 4.3. Morpho-syntactic parameters of converbs ......................................................................... 59 4.3.1. Person marking .......................................................................................................... 59 4.3.1.1. Udihe ................................................................................................................... 60 4.3.1.2. Tungusic .............................................................................................................. 60 4.3.1.3. Neighboring languages ........................................................................................ 62 4.3.1.4. Summary ............................................................................................................. 63 4.3.2. Number marking ........................................................................................................ 64 4.3.2.1. Udihe ................................................................................................................... 64 4.3.2.2. Tungusic .............................................................................................................. 65 4.3.2.3. Neighboring languages ........................................................................................ 68 4.3.2.4. Summary