V. LEGALISM/LEGISM (FAJIA ) AND LEGALIST/LEGIST TEACHINGS A. General Surveys and Collective Works standard works BODDE, Derk China’s First Unifier. A Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as seen in the life of Li Ssu (280?–208). Leiden 1938. BODDE, Derk “The state and empire of Ch’in.” CHC I pp. 21–102. CREEL, Herrlee G. “The Fa-chia—Legalists or Administrators?” In: Studies Presented to Tung Tso Pin on His Sixty-Fifth Birthday. The Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology. Academia Sinica. Extra Volume 4 (1961) pp. 607–636. Rp in: id., “What Is Taoism?” pp. 92–120. HANSEN, Chad D. “Fa (Standards; Laws) and Meaning Changes in Chinese Philosophy.” PEW 44.3 (1994) pp. 435–488. LI Yu-ning [LI Youning] The First Emperor of China: The Politics of Histori- ography. New York 1975. RUBIN, Vitaly A. Individual and State in Ancient China: Essays on Four Phi- losophers. New York 1976. [from the Russian “Ideologiia yi kultura drev- nego kitaia” by von Steven I. LEVINE] VANDERMEERSCH, Leon La formation du légisme. Recherche sur la con- stitution d’une philosophie politique charactéristique de la Chine ancienne. Paris 1965. works indispensable for the specialist BODDE, Derk “Basic Concepts of Chinese Law: The Genesis and Evolution of Legal Thought in Traditional China.” In: Charles LE BLANC and Dor- othy BORER eds., Essays on Chinese Civilization. Princeton 1981. pp. 171–194. FU Zhengyuan China’s Legalists. The Earliest Totalitarians and Their Art of Ruling. Armonk 1996. New Studies in Asian Culture. HSIAO Kung-chuan “Legalism and Autocracy in Traditional China.” THJ NS 4.2 (1964) pp. 108–121. Rp in: CSH 10.1–2 (1976–1977) pp. 125–143 and in: LI Yu-ning ed., Shang Yang’s Reforms and State Control in China pp. 125–143. [from the Chinese] WANG Gungwu “‘Burning Books and Burying Scholars Alive’: Some Recent Interpretations concerning Ch’in Shih-huang.” Papers on Far East- ern History 9 (1974) pp. 137–186. works with additional information BODDE, Derk “A ‘Totalitarian’ Form of Government in Ancient China.” In: Far Eastern Leaflets 1–6. Washington 1942, pp. 23–25. 152 legalism/legism and legalist/legist teachings BODDE, Derk and Clarence MORRIS “Basic Concepts of Chinese Law.” In: James T. C. LIU and Wei-ming TU eds., Traditional China. Englewood Cliffs 1970. pp. 92–108. [from id., Law in Imperial China. Cambridge/Mass. 1967. pp. 3–29; without the footnotes] CHENG Chung-ying “Legalism versus Confucianism: A Philosophical Appraisal.” JCP 8.3 (1981) pp. 271–302. Rev. ed. in: id., New Dimensions pp. 311–338. CHENG Yung [ZHENG Yong], YEN Yen [YAN Yan] et al. “A Tentative Dis- cussion of Legalist Military Thought during the Warring States Period.” CSP 7.3 (1976) pp. 40–56. [from the Chinese] CHUNG Cheh “Chin Shih Huang and the struggle between the Confucians and the Legalists.” China Reconstructs 24.9 (1975) pp. 8–11. CREEL, Herrlee G. “The Meaning of Hsing-ming.” In: Sören EGERÖD and Else GLAHN eds., Studia Serica Bernhard Karlgren Dedi- cata. Kopenhagen 1959. pp. 199–211. Rp in: id., What Is Taoism? pp. 79– 91. FELBER, Roland “Zur Interpretation des Legismus in der VR China 1972– 1975.” In: Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von M. J. SLADKOVSKIJ. Berlin-Ost 1976. pp. 38–52. FIELDS, Lanny B. “The Legalists and the Fall of Ch’in: Humanism and Tyr- anny.” JAH 17 (1983) pp. 1–39. HSIEH, Shan-yuan “The Legalist Philosophers.” In: Donald H. BISHOP ed., Chinese Thought pp. 81–109. HULSEWÉ, Anthony F. P. “The Legalists and the Laws of Ch’in.” In: Wilt L. IDEMA ed., Leyden Studies in Sinology. Leiden 1981. pp. 1–22. HUNG Cheng [HONG Cheng] “A Tentative Discussion of Pre-Ch’in Legalists’ Ideas Concerning War Preparedness.” CSH 9.2 (1975–1976) pp. 21–36. JAN Yün-hua “Taoist Silk Manuscripts and Early Legalist Thought.” In: Julia CHING and Richard W. L. GUISSO eds., Sages and Filial Sons pp. 65–79. [main focus on SHEN Buhai, Shangjun shu and SHEN Dao] KUDO Motoo “The Ch’in Bamboo Strip Book of Divination (Jih- shu) and Ch’in Legalism.” AA 58 (1990) pp. 24–37. KUNG, Charles C. “The Legalist School and Shi Huang Ti.” In: CC 4.3 (1962) p. 107–114. LAU, Ulrich. Vom Schaf zur Gerechtigkeit—Der sakrale Hintergrund einiger frühchinesischer Rechtstermini. In: Christiane HAMMER und Bernhard FÜHRER eds., Tradition und Moderne pp. 37–47. LEANG K’i-ch’ao [LIANG Qichao] La conception de la loi et les théories des légistes à la veille des Ts’in. Traduction, introduction et notes par Jean Escarra et Robert Germain. Peking 1926. [from the Chinese (Yinbingshi wenji ) by Jean ESCARRA and Robert GERMAIN] LEE Kwang Kyu “The Legalist School and Legal Positivism.” JCP 3.1 (1975– 1976) pp. 23–56. LÉVI, Jean “Solidarité de l’ordre de la nature et de l’ordre de la societé: ‘loi’ naturelle et ‘loi’ sociale dans la pensée légiste de la Chine ancienne.” EOEO 3 (1983) pp. 23–36. LÉVI, Jean “Qin Shi Huang Di und die Staatsdoktrin von Shang Yang und Han Fei.” In: Dokumentation - China -Akademie - Herbst 1990. Dortmund 1991. pp. 103–119..