Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 7 (2) (2018) : 138 – 145 https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/seloka/article/view/19651 The Accommodation Pattern of Batak Society Language in Trading Domain with Javanese Society in Semarang 2 Alibasa Limbong¹ & Ida Zulaeha ¹Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia ²Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Article Info Abstract ________________ ___________________________________________________________________ History Articles Batak Society as newcomers or minority in Semarang accommodates its Received: language. One of the domains requiring accommodation is trading. The purpose June 2018 Accepted: of this research is to analyze Batak society language accommodation in trading July 2018 domain to Javanese in Semarang. The research uses sociolinguistics approach Published: as its methodology. The data is collected by using observation and record as the August 2018 basic techniques. Then it is continued by participant observation, free involved ________________ Keywords: observation, recording, and noting. The data analysis is done using coding accommodation, method and interactive model. Based on the findings, they show the batak society, accommodation pattern are (1) pattern of Javanese accommodation convergent, language, trading domain (2) pattern of Javanese accommodation most convergent, (3) pattern of Batak ____________________ Toba language accommodation divergent, (4) pattern of Batak Karo language accommodation divergent, and (5) pattern of Batak Simalungun language DOI https://doi.org/10.15294 accommodation divergent. /seloka.v7i2.19651 © 2018 Universitas Negeri Semarang Correspondenceaddress: p-ISSN 2301-6744 Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, Medan 20221 e-ISSN 2502-4493 E-mail: [email protected] 138 Alibasa Limbong & Ida Zulaeha Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 7 (2) (2018) :138 – 145 INTRODUCTION seller or buyer. This adjustment is included to sociolinguistic study in term of language Many tribes mixed in Semarang Region accommodation. Rokhman (2013) states that the allowing the society to be multilingual. Batak situation of language in society is studied deeper Society comes from North Sumatera and in sociolinguistic study. consisting from five sub-tribes: Batak Toba, Batak There are some pattern varieties: (1) the Karo, Batak Simalungun, Batak Pakpak, Batak most convergence action, when the speakers Maindailing, Angkola (Kozok, 1999). Since speaks the listener’s language (interlocutor) and 2010, Batakist reachers 3.362 people livingin struggles to show the exactly same correctness of Semarang. the native speaker, (2) less convergence, when https://nanopdf.com/download/untitledbapeda interlocutor speaks his own language with different kotasemarang_pdf action to the native speaker, (3) divergence, when From those sub-tribes, Batak Toba, Batak interlocutor speaks his language with very slow Karo, and Batak Simalungun are the most rhythm to respect his listeners, (4) most dominant sub-tribes of Batak in Semarang. divergence, when the interlocutor speaks his Batak society in Semarang as new comer language with normal speed ignoring any listener must be able to create good relationship among around him, Giles (in Sumarsono, 2013). Each societies in the region. It is realized through the pattern is described as follow. use of language. Apriliyani & Rokhman (2016) Increasing Decreasing states that as communication meant, language Lingusitc dimension convergence divergence has various functions, among them is to create Other group language cooperative relationship among human. The with pronunciation as good as natives. language of Batak people has different Other group language background to Javanese language in Semarang. with self-pronunciation characteristics. Mardikantoro (2012) states that in using language Own group language cannot be separated from social and cultural with slow speaking speed. factors of the speakers. Own group language Batak people are identic with their unique with normal speaking speed. high tone dialect. Yusuf (2017) states that in uttering to different speakers, language has The table shows the attitudes of speakers in potential conflict between them caused by adjusting themselves and also defending their misunderstanding. Therefore, Batak society language. A group of speaker adjusting its needs to adjust their language to create good language to other group’s language is seen as relationship or interaction. The process is done by accommodation. It is based on the awareness selecting the diction while speaking to Javanese emergence telling their group is minority. The as major society. The selected codes affect toward interlocutor group being loyal to its language communication success (Kholidah & Haryadi, even when it is in major different group is seen as 2017). Communication occurs in every aspects of divergence. It is based on the principle to avoid society life (Eliya& Zulaeha, 2017), included in their language fading. Therefore, a group of trading. To describe or determine the selection speaker can accommodate the language into process of language on bilingual society, it is convergence or divergence. important to understand the concept of domain A relevant research done by Supardo (Budiasa, 2013). (2000) titled “Language Status and Domain is essentially constellation from Accommodation on Java-Sunda linguistic location, topic, and participant factors (Fisman in boarder in Cilacap.” It shows some findings: (1) Fasol, 1984). The research focuses on trading Sunda language is minority in Banyumas regency domain considered to require language and only exists in Cilacap, exactly in Majenang, adjustment both from Batak people having role as (2) the status of the language is lower than 139 Alibasa Limbong & Ida Zulaeha Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 7 (2) (2018) :138 – 145 Banymas Javanese dialect until implicitly the use The accommodation phenomenon of of the language is limited creating its speakers to Batak people also varies. The accommodation is integrate and accommodate to Javanese speakers, done through language selection affected by (3) the intention to alter the code is caused by society’s thought. When the society has principle bilingual ability to linguistic environment to keep and prevent any local language transitions predicted as the most demanded language. then automatically will tend to select appropriate Guerini’s work (2014) titled “Language language. Widianto & Zulaeha (2016) states the Contact, Language Mixing and Identity: The Akan language selection occurs because of the purpose Spoken by Ghanaian Immigrants in Northern of speaker to achieve. The findings revealed by Italy”concludes the use of the language will go Mardikantoro (2012), “The form of language through transition from altering the codes to transitions of Samin society’s Javanese language mixing the code causing language transition from ngoko Javanese language to krama. The (both words and phrases). This situation is transitions or transition is affected by some affected by long term language contact. The factors until ngoko language is only used in family mixed variety will be more expressive and and neighbor domain. Meanwhile, in social and important tool in society’s repertoire, regularly educational domains have used krama. used in formal spontaneous interaction done by The attitude of Batak people in treating the Akan society. language appropriately will determine language Sartini (2015) in her study titled “Diaspora entity. From Zulaeha (2017) “Defending the Language Action of Balinese in Eastern Java: language will occur when collectively the society Sociolinguistics Study” concludes three used of language speakers decide to keep using the language in family domain: Balinese language, previous language because of other language Javanese language, and Indonesian language. usage force”. Therefore, Batak society can utter Those languages are substituting each other in collectively by considering their listeners. By communication. In religion domain, Balinese defending to use their own language to interact, language is still defended while doing religious Batak people accommodate the language into rites. In friendship domain, mixing and altering convergence with Javanese people in creating codes occurred. The codes occur among Balinese, good relationship and communicative Javanese, and Indonesian language. While in interaction. educational domain, especially in learning process of religious course, the most used METHODS language is Indonesia. Beside the phenomenon of mixing and altering codes, in the interaction done The approaches used are theoretical and by Balinese diaspora, accommodation of methodological approaches. The theoretical language also occurs. The models of approach used is sociolinguistics, meanwhile the accommodation are convergence and divergence. methodological approach is descriptive In the interaction, with major ethnic, Javanese qualitative. The collected data are taken from ethnics, Balinese tends to accommodate their observing, basic technique and advance language to Javanese language. technique. The techniques are record, to record Adyana & Fathur (2016) in their study someone’s speaking. Then, the advance titled “Language accommodation in Javanese – techniques are: observation, participant Tionghoa – Arab ethnics of Pekalongan society in observation, free participant observation, trading domain” shows the selection of the used recording, and noting (Sudaryanto, 1993). language