TSB 2992-23275 Design for Future Climate: Adapting Buildings Bauman Lyons Architects Project Title: Church View Doncaster: Incubator Managed Workspace for Creative and Media Industries TSB Design for Future Climate: Adapting Buildings Contents 5 1.0 Building Profile 1.1 Location 1.2 Type 1.3 Project use 1.4 Specific features or aspect which will affect resilience to climate change 7 2.0 Climate Change Risks 2.1 An assessment of the risk of exposure to the projected climate 2.2 Identify climate scenarios and climate data used 2.3 Other features significant to the adaptation strategy developed 10 3.0 Adaption Strategy 3.1 The adaptation strategy 3.2 Assumptions underpinning the data used in developing the strategy 3.3 Timescale for implementation of relevant measures over the lifetime of the building 3.4 Cost benefit analysis and sensitivity analysis of adaptations measures 3.5 Details of which recommendations are being implemented and barriers to implementation 24 4.0 Learning 4.1 A summary of our approach to the development of the adaptation work 4.2 Who was involved and why 4.3 The initial project plan and how it changed through the course of the project 4.4 List of resources and tools and their strengths and limitation 4.5 What worked well and what worked badly and recommendations to others. 4.6 Recommend resources 31 5.0 Adapting Other Buildings 5.1 Application to other buildings 5.2 Limitations of application to other buildings 5.3 An analysis of other buildings that may benefit in England 5.4 Resources, tools and materials developed for providing future services 5.5 Further support required to provide adaptation services Page 2 Bauman Lyons Architects Contents 35 Appendix 1 37 The Building 55 Appendix 2 57 2.1 Phase 1A Modelling Summary 89 2.2 Possible Adaptation Interventions 95 Appendix 3 97 3.1 Room Data & Matrix 161 3.2 Cost Report 199 3.3 Landscape & Cooling 225 3.4 Workstation Density 229 3.5 Refurbishment for Robust Low Energy Sustainability - Sue Roaf & Fergus Nicol 233 3.6 Future ICT Trends 241 3.7 Bunker Day 3.7.1 Introduction & Photos 3.7.2 Sue Roaf 3.7.3 Fergus Nichol 3.7.4 Toby Hyam 3.7.5 Peter Latz 361 3.8 Materials 3.8.1 Phase Change Plasterboard 3.8.2 Shutters 371 Appendix 4: CV’s, Recommended Sources & Bibliography 373 4.1 Curriculum Vitae’s 4.1.1 Bauman Lyons Architects 4.1.2 Arup 4.1.3 Creative Space Management 4.1.4 Bernard Williams Associates 4.1.5 Estell Warren Landscape Architecture 4.1.6 Latz + Partner 4.1.7 Sue Roaf 4.1.8 Fergus Nichol 415 4.2 Recommended Resources & Bibliography Bauman Lyons Architects 11 July 2011 Page 3 TSB Design for Future Climate: Adapting Buildings Page 4 Bauman Lyons Architects Section 1 Building Profile .............................................. A third phase of building saw the courtyard 1.1 Location gradually filled with an ad-hoc arrangement of classrooms using lightweight and often poor .............................................. quality materials and detailing. The project is situated in Doncaster, South Yorkshire. Church View, built as an art college, is located to the north of Doncaster Town Centre at ............................................. the crossroads between Church View and Grey 1.3 Project use Friars’ Road. .............................................. The building is not listed but is located in the St.George’s Conservation Area, which was es- Church View provides co-located workspace for tablished in 1997 to protect the appearance and micro and small creative industries enterprises. character of the area. Targeted at companies with between 1 and 15 employees, it is intended to help reduce the Church View also has a significant bearing on the outward flow of talent in the town providing a character and appearance of the conservation credible alternative for returning entrepreneurs area, due to its prominent location on the cross- as well as younger, growing companies. The road of two important streets. building is designed to deliver workspace which varies from open plan shared workspace areas with sofas, hot desks and open plan worksta- .............................................. tions to fully segmented offices and variety of 1.2 Type studios. The building also provides open plan space that can be used as artists’ studios, confer- .............................................. encing facilities, exhibition galleries and ancillary office space. Church View was designed as one, three storey brick building with pitched, partly inhabited, roofs in a triangular courtyard form but built in two distinct phases, with a much later third in-fill .............................................. phase, which is reflected in the materials, form 1.4 Specific features or aspect and detailing. which will affect resilience to cli- The first phase of the building, begun in 1913, saw mate change the construction of the school building facing the .............................................. Minster in characteristic Edwardian Baroque style by Schofield and Berry of Leeds. The buildings forming the three sides of the triangular courtyard vary in plan depth between The second phase, begun in 1930, enclosed the 10 meters and, in few places only increasing to 16 site to the north creating the courtyard, and was -18 meters so some areas will be difficult to light designed in a more formal late Edwardian style and ventilate naturally. typified by the architect Edwin Lutyens. The main feature of the facades is large single Bauman Lyons Architects 11 July 2011 Page 5 TSB Design for Future Climate: Adapting Buildings glazed windows and due to conservation area design constraints these are difficult to upgrade to meet higher environmental standards. The main elevation faces south and the rooms will overheat easily. The conservation status also means that external insulation cannot be applied to the elevations with the exception of the less visible courtyard. The need for internal insulation will reduce the existing mass of the building and will increase the chance of overheating. The building has a high risk of overheating due facing roof space. to large areas of glass - a lot of it south facing Planning requirements for 15% renewable provi- - and its conservation area location sets conser- sion generated a design proposal to use air vation priorities in direct conflict with potential source heat pumps which are expensive to run climate adaptation strategies such as high per- and to maintain and provide cooling to places formance windows, shading incorporated into even when not needed. the facade design and external insulation. Renewable energy options are also very restrict- ed due to lack of external space and of south Page 6 Bauman Lyons Architects Section 2 Climate Change Risks .............................................. .............................................. 2.1 An assessment of the risk of 2.2 Identify climate scenarios exposure to the projected climate and climate data used .............................................. .............................................. Taking the categories laid out in the report “De- The CIBSE future weather years based on UK- sign for Future Climate” by the TSB, the building CIP02 information (as laid out in TM481) were cho- can be assessed as follows: sen as the dataset for this project for a number of reasons. Primarily, they were the most robust and understood dataset available at the time of the project starting. Alternative sources were available based on the UKCP09 weather generators, most notably the Prometheus file set from Exeter University. However, the main difference between UKCP02 and UKCP09 was an increase in resolution and a move to probabilistic definitions as opposed to significantly updated climate projections. This similarity in the climate projections, coupled with some questions that existed at the time over the methodologies used to create them, lead us to choose the CIBSE morphed future weather years. The CIBSE future weather years also provided consistency with the datasets previously used in the main design project. In summary, the main area of concern with the building is the area of thermal comfort in the future, being addressed both by building de- sign and adaptation and by the consideration of landscape effects. 1 CIBSE TM48 “Use of climate change scenarios for building simulation: the CIBSE future weather years” (2009) Bauman Lyons Architects 11 July 2011 Page 7 1 CIBSE TM48 “Use of climate change scenarios for building simulation: the CIBSE future weather years” (2009) 2 MF Jentsch (2009), “Viability of naturally ventilated buildings in the UK under predicted future summer climates”, University of Southampton, School of Civil Engineering and the Environment, PhD Thesis 3 CIBSE TM36 “Climate change and the indoor environment: impacts and adaptation” (2005) TSB Design for Future Climate: Adapting Buildings Within the CIBSE future weather years, the set over 28°C to be ‘hot’ as discussed in CIBSE based on the Medium-High emissions scenario TM363. Typically, if the internal temperature was chosen. This was due to the fact that, in the exceeds this threshold for 1% of the occupied years since the UKCIP02 data was generated, hours, a building or room is said to overheat. climate science has been predicting quicker The simplicity of this metric does however have or larger changes to climate than previously its problems. Firstly, the single threshold does thought, prompting us to opt for the slightly not adequately take into account the percep- higher of the two middle ground options.