47310749.Pdf (1.574Mb)

47310749.Pdf (1.574Mb)

Kan semantisk web løse utfordringene knyttet til etableringen av et system for elektronisk sporing av matvarer i norsk landbruk? Pål Gaute Sætre Masteroppgave ved Institutt for Informasjons- og medievitenskap UNIVERSITETET I BERGEN Vår 2008 1 Innholdsfortegnelse 1.0 Innledning og problemstilling .................................................................................... 5 1.1 Matvaretrygghet ........................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Motiver for sporing ................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Motivasjon ................................................................................................................ 7 1.4 Semantisk web .......................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Problemstilling .......................................................................................................... 8 1.6 Oppgavens form ........................................................................................................ 8 1.7 Oppsummering av kapittel ........................................................................................ 9 2.0 Teoretisk perspektiv ................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Faglig tilknytning .................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Sporing .................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Sporbarhetssystem ........................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Intern sporbarhet .............................................................................................. 13 2.2.3 Kjedesporbarhet ............................................................................................... 14 2.2.4 Kalibreringsdata ............................................................................................... 15 2.2.5 Presisjon ........................................................................................................... 15 2.2.6 Krav til sporing ................................................................................................ 16 2.2.7 Sporbarhetsinformasjon ................................................................................... 16 2.2.8 Enheter ............................................................................................................. 17 2.3 Semantisk web ........................................................................................................ 20 2.3.1 Visjonen ........................................................................................................... 20 2.3.2 Progresjonen .................................................................................................... 22 2.3.3 Teknologiene.................................................................................................... 24 2.4 Oppsummering kapittel ........................................................................................... 29 3.0 Metode ........................................................................................................................ 30 3.1 Normer .................................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Valg av forskningsopplegg ..................................................................................... 31 3.3 Utforming av problemstilling ................................................................................. 32 3.4 Utvalg ...................................................................................................................... 33 3.5 Innsamling av data .................................................................................................. 35 3.6 Oppsummering kapittel ........................................................................................... 37 4.0 Situasjonsanalyse ...................................................................................................... 38 2 4.1 Generelle trekk ........................................................................................................ 38 4.2 Produksjon og bruk av data i norsk landbruk ......................................................... 39 4.2.1 Identifikasjonssystemer .................................................................................... 41 4.2.2 Aktører ............................................................................................................. 42 4.3 Matkjeden for storfekjøtt ........................................................................................ 43 4.3.1 Kukontrollen .................................................................................................... 45 4.3.2 Storfekjøttkontrollen ........................................................................................ 45 4.3.3 Produsentregisteret ........................................................................................... 45 4.3.4 Samspill............................................................................................................ 47 4.4 Et eksempel: Jakten på E.coli ................................................................................. 48 4.5 Forskrifter for sporing ............................................................................................. 49 4.6 Offentlig initiativ .................................................................................................... 50 4.7 Oppsummering av kapittel ...................................................................................... 53 5.0 Analyse ....................................................................................................................... 54 5.1 Første hovedutfordring: samordning av eksisterende systemer. ............................. 56 5.1.1 Teknisk katalog ................................................................................................ 58 5.1.2 Semantisk interoperabilitet .............................................................................. 58 5.1.3 Organisatorisk interoperabilitet ....................................................................... 62 5.1.4 Begrensninger .................................................................................................. 63 5.1.5 Konklusjon på hovedutfordring: ...................................................................... 63 5.2 Andre hovedutfordring: Effektivisering av informasjonsutveksling. ..................... 64 5.2.1 Integrasjon........................................................................................................ 65 5.2.2 Spørringer i SPARQL ...................................................................................... 68 5.2.2 GRDDL ............................................................................................................ 70 5.2.4 Ontologier ........................................................................................................ 70 5.2.5 Konklusjon på hovedutfordring ....................................................................... 72 5.3 Tredje hovedutfordring: automatisering av informasjonsbehandlingen. ................ 72 5.3.1 Agenter og programmer ................................................................................... 73 5.3.2 Automatisering ................................................................................................. 74 5.3.3 Konklusjon på hovedutfordring ....................................................................... 75 5.4 Fjerde hovedutfordring: øke evnen til å innhente og bearbeide dokumentasjon. ... 76 5.4.1 Organisering ..................................................................................................... 76 5.4.2 Søkbarhet ......................................................................................................... 77 5.4.3 Lesbarhet .......................................................................................................... 78 3 5.4.4 Automatiserte verktøy ...................................................................................... 78 5.4.5 Sikkerhet .......................................................................................................... 78 5.4.6 Konklusjon på hovedutfordring ....................................................................... 78 5. 5 Et eksempel ............................................................................................................ 79 5.5.1 Scenario for tilsyn ............................................................................................ 81 5.5.2 Scenario for sporing ......................................................................................... 81 5.6 Oppsummering av analyse ...................................................................................... 82 6.0 Drøftelse ..................................................................................................................... 83 7.0 Konklusjon................................................................................................................. 87 Kilde-, tabell- figur og kontaktlister Kilder: ................................................................ 89 Tabeller: ........................................................................................................................

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