Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula 7 Zest for Progress Zeal of Partnership ARTS Quarter 3 - Module 1: Arts and Crafts of Mindanao Name of Learner: ___________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________________ Name of School: ___________________________ WHAT I NEED TO KNOW In this module, you will be learning the different arts and crafts of Mindanao – the salient features of arts of Mindanao by showing the relationship of the elements of arts and processes among the diverse cultural communities in the country. Thus, you will also learn how lines, shapes, forms, value, color, texture and space give more meaning and significance to an artwork. This module will help you explore the arts of people of Mindanao and how animism and the Islamic religion fused together and produced a uniquely Filipino artistic tradition. The arts and crafts of Mindanao include their cultural attire, textiles, tapestries, crafts, accessories and body ornaments which are a combination of designs from indigenous people that resides in the regions and the colorful and rich influence from their indigenous belief system. Most of their crafts are made of materials that are abundant in their areas. Their designs are derived from their surroundings and represent their cultural community. Some are used for religious activities while some have utilitarian functions and even became large industry for them. Even until now, the skills in weaving, sculpting and crafting have been an important part of their community. Thus, these become the people’s way of living and their means of survival. These are passed on from generation to generation. And with the influence of modern technology, traces of their indigenous traditions and designs are still visible in their arts and crafts today. At the end of this module, you are expected to: a) analyze the elements and principles of art in the production of one’s arts and crafts inspired by the arts of Mindanao A7EL-IIIb-1; b) identify characteristics of arts of Mindanao and crafts in specific areas in Mindanao A7EL-IIIa-2; c) reflect on and derive the mood, idea, or message emanating from selected artifacts and art objects A7PL-IIIh-1; d) appreciate the artifacts and arts objects in terms of its utilization and their distinct use of art elements and principles A7PL-IIIh-2; 2 WHAT I KNOW Activity 1: Let’s Match! Using the photos below, match arts and crafts of Mindanao in column A to the characteristics being described in column B. A B _____1. Vinta A. Yakan’s way of expressing their talents _____2. Face Make Up B. A musical instrument composed of eight different-sized brass gongs laid upon a rack _____3. Torogan C. A Maranao craft which means a symbol for bravery and nobility _____4. Kulintang D. Oldest watercraft in the Philippines _____5. Sarimanok E. It represents high position in the society F. A dance drama WHAT’S IN Activity 2- Distinguish Me! Instructions: Write the following arts and crafts to its appropriate column found inside the box. saruk kandit Badjao houses Weaving basket wood carving abaca weaving malong okir Fort Pilar Maitum Jars kendi kulintang Grand Mosque badjulapi suwatlimimotis metal casting vinta Panolong Attire, Textiles, Crafts, Architecture Sculptures Tapestries Accessories, 3 and Body Ornaments WHAT’S NEW Mindanao referred to as “The Land of Promise”, is the second largest concentration of ethno-linguistics groups and culturally-diverse islands. These groups are mostly Muslims from the Badjao, Iranun, Jama Mapun, Kalagan, Kalibugan (Subanen who were converted to Islam), Manobo, Maguindanao, Sama Bangingi, Sama Pangutaran, Samal, Sangil, Tausug, and Yakan groups. Other groups are the Lumads, or those who have their indigenous beliefs and traditions instead of converting to Islam or Christianity. Activity 3- Artist’s Eye Describe the elements of arts and principles of design used in the designs of the different art forms of Mindanao 4 1. Describe the lines 2. What colors made 3. Describe the and shapes used the design more pattern and texture of in the jar. attractive? the fabric. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ WHAT IS IT Arts and Crafts of Mindanao ATTIRE, TEXTILES, AND TAPESTRIES Traditional Clothing of the B’laan The Bilaan or B’laan is an ethnolinguistic group that inhabit some parts of South Cotabato, North Cotabato and Davao del Sur. B’laan is a combination of two words, “bila”, which means “house”, and “an” which means “people”. They are known for embroidery, brass ornaments and beadwork that are integrated in their traditional clothing. They wear clothes woven from abaca embellished with embroidery, buttons, and beads. The women wear heavy brass belts with numerous tiny bells that hang around their waistline. They also cut mother-of-pearl into small shapes that look like sequins called takmun to form geometric patterns. Traditional Clothing of the Bagobo and the T’boli The Bagobos are a group of people that live in Davao. The name of this ethnolinguistic group comes from the words “bago” (new) and “obo” (growth). This is because they are believed to have come from the mixture of the native population with the Hindu migrants that entered Mindanao during the Sri Vijayan and Malapahit empires. 5 The men wear t’nalak shorts, an undershirt, and a t’nalak coat. The bagani (hero/warrior) wear blood-red clothes and a head kerchief called tangkulu. These articles of clothing represent their courage. The T’boli who live in and around Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, are famous for their complicated beadwork, wonderful woven fabrics, and beautiful brass ornaments. Similar to Bagobos, they regard the t’nalak as sacred. Traditional wedding rituals involve the exchange of this textile. During the birth, it is used as cover. Traditional Clothing of the Mindanao Maranao means “People of the Lake”, referring to people who occupy the lands surrounding Lake Lanao. They are famous for their artworks, intricate weaving, wood carving, metal craft, and their epics. The Maranaos are known for their Malong. The malong is a traditional Filipino tube skirt that is made of hand- woven or machine-made multi-colored cotton cloth, bearing a variety of geometric or floral designs. It can be used in many ways. The malong is similar to the sarong worn by peoples in Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia. But unlike the Sarong, the malong is longer and is stitched together at both ends to make a tube. The Malong is an important part of the Maranao life. A newborn is wrapped in it and, as he or she grows, it becomes a part of his or her daily life as clothing and as material for everyday use. A traditional dance called Kapa Malong Malong or Sambisa Malong, demonstrates the various ways of wearing a malong and its uses. Traditional Clothing of the Yakan 6 Basilan is the home to the Yakans. They are popular for their skills in weaving. They weave very intricate designs in their textiles, which they use for their clothes and other accessories. Yakan hand-loomed fabrics are known for their use of bold colors and geometric patterns. The traditional Yakan art of weaving originated from their hometown Lamitan in the island of Basilan. Yakan fabrics are traditionally used as garments. The seputangan is a square cloth used by the Yakan women as a head cover or as belt. The badjulapi is a tight blouse with long sleeves. It is ornamented with gold, silver, or bronze buttons. CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES, AND BODY ORNAMENTS Sarimanok The Sarimanok is a legendary bird of the Maranao. It comes from the words “sari” meaning cloth or garment and “manok” for chicken. It has become a significant symbol of Maranao art. It is depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beaks or talons. The head is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiritual motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good fortune. Okir It refers to traditional and to unique carving and prominent any design among the Moro ethno- linguistic communities. The name comes from an old Malayan word which means carve or “ukit” in filipino. It is referred to as Okir in Maranao while Okkil in Maguindanao. 7 Face Makeup and Body Ornaments A distinct form of visual arts of the Yakan is the facial make-up applied on brides and grooms. After applying a foundation of white powder, dots and lines are painted on the faces, creating the effect of formal and elaborate masks which match the ornate costumes of the couple. T’boli Accessories 1. Hilot – is a heavy brass belt worn by women during festivals. The T’boli nobility wear it with bracelets and anklets, furnished with ball-bearings that make a sound as the wearer walks. The bells that are hung from the distinctive brass or beaded belts signal the approach of a woman. 2. Suwatlmimotis – a wooden comb with colored glass beads hanging from it, worn toward the back of the head. Brass Making - Kulintang The Kulintang is a musical instrument composed of eight different-sized brass gongs laid upon a wooden rack. It is made of brass with intricate designs and embossed top where it can be hit by wooden mallets to produce music. Other brass instruments include the gandang, the two -headed cylindrical drums, as well as the duahanagong pair consisting of the bua and pulakan. 8 ARCHITECTURE Torogan The Torogan is the ancestral house of the upper-class Maranao. It is the dwelling place of the datu along with his wives and children. There could not be any house larger than Torogan of the datu within the sultanate, for this signifies rank, prestige, and wealth.