Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16575-5 — Barn Owls Alexandre Roulin Index More Information INDEX adaptive plumage traits heritability, 86 colour, 264–267, 279 length, 83, 85, 89 number of spots, 275–277, 279 biological pest control, 30–31, 40–41 size of spots, 262, 268–274, 279 body mass, adult adoption, 197, 198 adaptation to light, 75, 80, 93, 107, see also nest switching 109, 264 age structure, 231 age, 193 aggression towards humans, 63 breeding failure, 34 agriculture, 21–22, 26, 30–31, 37–38, 40, 45, carrying prey, 75, 93 104–105 food deprivation, 77, 80 albinism, 241 incubation, 156 allopreening manoeuvrability, 75 adult, 219 melanin-based plumage trait, 270 anti-parasite, 58, 219, 220 pellet production, 74, 75 exchange of commodities, 220 reproduction, 191–193 massage, 220 sexual dimorphism, see sexual nestlings, 3, 200, 216, 219, 220 dimorphism reciprocation, 219, 220 wing loading, 107, 109 timing, 200 body mass, nestling altruism, 217, 266 food supply, 174 anthropocentrism, 28–29 growth, 166, 173–175 anthropogenic environments, 21–22, 23, 26 maternal nest desertion, 180 see also human structures melanin-based plumage traits, 258, anti-parasite adaptations, 56, 58, 59 270, 271 anti-predator behaviour, 63–64, 270 overshoot, 173, 174 assortative pairing, 258, 259 rain, 174 asynchrony, see hatching asynchrony recession, 173, 174 autosome, 247, 253 second brood, 177 sexual dimorphism, 90 begging behaviour, 185–187, 190, 203–209, body size, 82–87 210–214 efect of parental feeding rate, 86 escalating, 211 foraging, 89 hunger level, 188, 211, 218 geographic variation, 82 parental response, 184, 185, 187, 189, 190, see also body mass 210, 211 body temperature, see temperature risk of predation, 62 Bogert’s rule, 284 sibling competition, 203, 206, 211 breeding age, 131, 231, 235 sibling negotiation, 204, 206, 210, 211 breeding dispersal, 228–229 towards parents, 206, 210, 211 breeding failure, 142, 170–172, 180 Bering land bridge, 13 breeding season, 152–154 bill see also phenology anti-parasite adaptations, 56, 58, 59 brood patch, 162 291 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16575-5 — Barn Owls Alexandre Roulin Index More Information 292 INDEX brood reduction, 3, 155, 163, 165, 166 prey selection, 116–117 brood size, 77, 165, 167, 170, 180, 184, 185, 246 Tytonidae, 126 brooding, 180, 221, 272 digestion, 215 buildings, 23–26, 145–149 age, 73 digestive juice, 73 cannibalism, 215, 216 food deprivation, 77 Carnus hemapterus, 59, 60, 270 food intake, 196 caves gastrointestinal tract, 73, 74, nesting, 144, 145, 149 parasites, 56 roosting, 95, 97, 98, 124, 126 pellets, 73–75 circadian rhythm, see diurnal activity, nocturnal poor digestion, 72–75 activity disassortative pairing, see assortative clifs pairing nesting, 23, 144, 145, 148 diseases, 54–57, 58 roosting, 97 dispersal, see breeding dispersal, natal clutch size, 129, 142, 158 159, 160, 167 dispersal cold weather, 76–80 diurnal activity see also winter hunting, 63, 70, 93 colonization, 19 nestlings, 200–202 colour polymorphism, 240–244, 264–267 roosting, 95–98 genetics, 245–251 divorce, 138, 140, 229 communal breeding, 133–134 double brooding, see second broods communal roosting, 99 competition, see sibling competition ear, 66, 67, 69 consanguinity, 135 ectoparasites, 58, 60, 61, 219, 220, 270 conservation, 27–52 education, 49, 52, 287 cooperation between siblings, 3, 180, 203, 204 eggs cooperative breeding, 133, 135 fertilization, 130, 135, 163, 164 copulation, 129–131, 189 formation, 129, 154–158, 161 clutch size, 131 size, 89, 155, 157, 158, 160, 256, 272 colour polymorphism, 244 emigration, 231, 236 deserting female, 182 endoparasites, 54, 55, 58 extra-pair, see extra-pair copulation erythrism, 241 frequency, 130–132, 157 ethics, 32–34 timing, 128, 130 eumelanin, 240, 255 corticosterone, see glucocorticoids evolution, 10–15 cosmopolitan distribution, 2, 3, 18–22, 278, 287 Africa, 13 courtship, 128–130 Americas, 14 winter, 128, 129 Asia, 13–14 courtship feeding, 129, 178 Europe, 13 cultural views of barn owls, 36, 49, 52 Oceania, 14–15 experimental design, 33–35 daytime activity, see diurnal activity extra-pair copulation, 130, 133, 135, 181, 257 decapitation of prey, 189 extra-pair paternity, 135 desertion, see nest desertion eye, see vision developmental homeostasis, 270 diet, 71–73, 118–126 facial disc, 21, 66–67 barn owl species complex, 118–125 falls from the nest, 46, 49, 56, 190 opportunism, 21, 116–117 farming, see agriculture © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16575-5 — Barn Owls Alexandre Roulin Index More Information INDEX 293 fasting good genes, 257 daily fast, 93, 192, 215, 271 plumage traits, 247, 248 food depletion, 77, 80 Gloger’s rule, 284 feather structure, 107–111 glucocorticoids barb, 108 allopreening, 220 barbule, 108 colour polymorphism, 244, 270, calamus, 107, 272 272 rachis, 107 oxidative stress, 269 serrations, 108, 109 sibling negotiation, 206 shat, 107, 272 stress, 269 transverse bars, 109, 110, 272 vane, 107–109, 272 habitat, 102–105 feather wear, 255, 272, 284 habitat loss, 37–38 feeding rate hatching, 161–162, 163–166 father, 185 before hatching, 163 mother, 171 egg size, 155, 157 parents, 174, 184, 185, 194, 210, 211 maternal care,162, 180, 185, 189, fertilization, 130, 135, 163, 164 210 idelity, 138–142 mother–father relationship, 131 see also divorce, nest-site idelity parasites, 59, 60 light success, 161–164, 167, 238 mechanics, 106–111 hatching asynchrony, 3, 164–166 silent, 3, 21, 108, 109, 111 age diference, 163 speed, 66, 73, 101, 106–109, 112, 116 allopreening, 220 wing loading, 109 brood reduction, 3, 163, 165, 166 food comparison with other species, 165 allocation, 211, 214 food sharing, 217, 218, 220 sharing, 3, 217–220, 266 incubation, 162 thet, 198, 211, 215, 216, 218 parental care, 166, 192 food requirement sibling competition, 86, 163, 165, adult, 71–73, 93 166, 180, 206, 211, 214, 215, maternal plumage, 270 218, 222, 226 nestling, 174, 196 thermoregulation, 221 food stores, 93, 194–196 hatching synchrony, 164, 165 consumption, 192, 195 hearing, 3, 21, 66, 68, 69, 112, 209 determinants, 194, 196 see also ear, facial disc efect on reproduction, 194 home range, 100–105 feeding ofspring, 185 hovering, see hunting methods outside breeding season, 128 huddling, 180, 221, 222, 275, 276 parental feeding rate, 185, 194 human attitudes, 28–31, 46–52 sharing, 218 human habitats, 21–22, 23, 26 thet, 93 human impacts, 39–43, 49 foot, anti-parasite adaptations, 59 human structures, 145–149 frequency-dependent selection, see also buildings, nest boxes 243, 244 hunting methods, 112–115 from a perch, 73, 106, 112, 113, 115 gastrointestinal tract, see digestion hovering, 112 genetics on the wing, 21, 106, 108, 112, 113 genetic conlict, 249, 261, 262 timing, 185 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16575-5 — Barn Owls Alexandre Roulin Index More Information 294 INDEX immigration mate guarding, 130 impact on phenotypic adaptation, 21, 80 maternal efect population dynamics, 46, 139, 236, 244 begging for food, 189 inbreeding, 137, 227 egg, 59 incest, 135 maternally inherited genes, 138 incubation, 132, 161, 162 mating system, 132, 133 brood patch, 162 melanin, 240, 247, 272, 273, 284, 286, 287 chittering calls, 210 melanism, 241, 278 efort, 63, 89, 162, 164, 185, 191, 192 melanocortin-1-receptor (mc1r) gene, failure, 35, 167, 171 250 feeding, 129, 162, 185, 188 melanogenesis, 240, 247, 249, 271 hatching asynchrony, 164, 165 Middle East peace process, 30–31 hatching rank, 165 migration, 15, 22, 229 kestrel eggs, 133, 198 model system, 6–7 testosterone, 272 monogamy, 130, 135, 142 time, 161 mortality, 230–234 independence from parents, 104, 155, 173, 178, conservation, 44, 49 179, 181, 198, 225, 230 food deprivation, 270 infanticide, 194, 215 population dynamics, 235, 236 infertility, 163 roads, see road deaths intestine, 73 shooting, 234, 234 see also digestion size of plumage spots, 262 island syndrome, 86 starvation, 49 islands temporal change, 230 colouration, 6, 253, 284 wind turbines, 234 diet, 41, 86, 119, 124 winter, 76 dispersal, 13, 86, 227 mutual preening, see allopreening distribution, 13 myths, 36, 44, 49, 52 impact of barn owls, 40–41, 43 introduction, 14, 41 natal dispersal, 137, 224, 225–227, 228, roost, 145 236, 266 speciation, 14, 15 Europe, 225 Israel, see Middle East peace process North America, 226 negotiation, see sibling negotiation Jordan, see Middle East peace process nest boxes, 45–47, 148–149, 151 monitoring, 42 kin selection, 188, 217, 218 nest desertion, 178–180 changing site, 181 laboratory animals, 6–7 by female, 182 laterality, 270 by male, 179, 181 laying date, see breeding season efect of brood size, 178, 180 leucism, 241 efect of date, 180 lice, 58–59 female quality, 180 lit, 107, 109 itness efects, 171, 180 literature, scientiic, 8–9 frequency, 179, 180 reproductive success, 180 manoeuvrability, 75 second brood, 179, 180 mate choice, 247, 257–259 nest-site idelity, 138, 140, 178, 228, 229 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16575-5 — Barn Owls Alexandre Roulin Index More Information INDEX 295 nest sites, 23–26, 144–151 Phodilus (bay owl), 13, 105, 158 artiicial, 145–149, see also nest boxes phylogeny, 11, 14–15 competition, 150–151 Plasmodium, 54 ground, 13, 26, 63, 144 pleiotropy, 240 hygiene, 56 plumage traits, 240–284 trees, 23, 26,