Evaluating the Adoption of Project Management Tools and Techniques in Private Construction Companies in Nigeria Dr. Edidiong Emmanuel Sidney This is a digitised version of a dissertation submitted to the University of Bedfordshire. It is available to view only. This item is subject to copyright. Title: Evaluating the Adoption of Project Management Tools and Techniques in Private Construction Companies in Nigeria Name: Edidiong Emmanuel Sidney i EVALUATING THE ADOPTION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN NIGERIA EDIDIONG EMMANUEL SIDNEY Ph.D Business and Management Research Institute University of Bedfordshire 2018 ii EVALUATING THE ADOPTION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN NIGERIA By EDIDIONG EMMANUEL SIDNEY A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2019 iii Supervisors: DOS: Dr. Mohammad Kisshk Diane Richardson iv ABSTRACT This research investigates the factors that influence the adoption of Project Management Tools and Techniques (PMTT) in the Nigerian private construction industry. To date, the private construction industry in Nigeria has experienced delays in project delivery, budget overrun, low quality, and project failures in most of its projects as a result of inadequate use of project management tools and techniques. These issues have been a major concern to the stakeholders and clients, considering the huge investments made in the construction projects and the impact they make on the growth of the economy. Several authors have focused on project management practice in public construction organisations with less focus on private construction companies. This research, therefore, seeks to address this gap by deploying the Nigerian private construction industry’s perspective to investigate the factors influencing PMTT practice. This research was conducted using qualitative research methods and data were collected through structured interviews. This research adopted the generic purposive sampling strategy because it was best suitable for the context of this research. In order to meet the objectives, set for the research, a pilot study was conducted using a semi-structured interview with eighteen participants in five geopolitical zones of Nigeria, excluding the North-East zone due to security issues, followed by the main study with forty-three participants. Case studies of two companies were further carried out for the purpose of triangulation, validating the data from both the pilot study and the main study. The data collected from the studies were analysed using thematic analysis to identify the different themes and sub-themes in the research. Based on the research findings and institutional theory, a conceptual framework for investigating the factors influencing the adoption of PMTT was developed for private construction companies in Nigeria in order to improve their practice. This conceptual framework presents the theory underpinning this study, key factors influencing the adoption of PMTT and the ‘Needs Factors’. Also, this study’s conceptual framework was validated. Keywords: Project Management, Project Management Tools and Techniques, Construction Industry, Public sector, Private sector, Institution Theory, Practice, Nigeria v DECLARATION I, Edidiong, Emmanuel Sidney, declare that this thesis and the work presented in it are my own and have been generated by me as the result of my own original research. EVALUATING THE ADOPTION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN NIGERIA I confirm that: 1. This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University; 2. Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other qualification at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated; 3. Where I have cited the published work of others, theses were always clearly attributed; 4. Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work; 5. I have acknowledged all main sources of help; 6. Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself; 7. Parts of this work have been published as indicated on page vi). vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my profound gratitude to Almighty God for the grace, wisdom, guidance and protection He gave me in the course of my PhD study. It would never have been a success story without His hand. My sincere and special thanks go to my Director of Studies, Dr Mohammad Kisshk, for his encouragement, motivation, support, insightful comments and advice during the course of my research. I want to thank Diane Richardson for her guidance and encouragement in the course of writing the thesis. Their excellent supervision and encouragement during this study were profound and made it memorable. I cannot at this point forget to thank Dr David Owen, who was my source of encouragement when I discussed my intention to enrol for a PhD programme after my MSc studies. I thank Dr Elly Philpot for her support and contribution at the initial stage of this study. Their encouragement has always been a thing to reflect upon throughout this journey, and I thank Hilda Obaje for her advice and proofreading some parts of the thesis. Moreover, I would like to express my thanks to the University of Bedfordshire, specifically the Research Graduate School for their support, my fellow colleagues (PhD students) and friends for being there for me. I would like to thank Pastor Momoh Amoseola who was always there when it was very challenging and constantly encouraged me to continue to strive even when it appeared very tough. Finally, I would like to thank my wife (Favour) for her support and encouragement, and for being there always for me. vii PUBLICATIONS E. Sidney, O.T. Bukoye, E. Philpot, D. Owen (2016) Project Management Tools and Techniques in Private Construction Companies in Nigeria: A Case Study Approach, Project Management Development – Practice and Perspectives, Fifth International Scientific Conference on Project Management in the Baltic Countries, April 14–15, 2016, Riga: University of Latvia viii CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. xvii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. xix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................... xxii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background to the Study .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Project Management ............................................................................................. 3 1.1.2 Construction industry ............................................................................................ 4 1.2 Problem Statement .................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Research Gap ............................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Aim and Objectives ................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Research Questions .................................................................................................. 6 1.6 Rationale of the study ............................................................................................... 6 1.7 Outline of Research Methodology ............................................................................ 7 1.7.1 Sampling ............................................................................................................... 8 1.7.2 Data collection and analysis .................................................................................. 8 1.7.3 Research quality ................................................................................................... 8 1.7.4 Thematic analysis ................................................................................................. 8 1.8 Outline of the Thesis ................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................ 11 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 11 2.1 The Literature Review Strategy .............................................................................. 11 2.2 Overview of Project and Project Management ...................................................... 11 2.3 Types of Project or Project Categories .................................................................. 13 2.4 The Main Concept of Project Types or Categories................................................ 14 2.4.1 Project type – Focus on Project Goals and Methods ........................................... 14 2.4.2 Project Management ........................................................................................... 19 2.4.3