Roman Mythology & The Roman Republic Presentation • Was a polytheistic religion that was central to culture, politics, and art Roman Mythology What was Roman Continued… mythology based on? • Based on Greek polytheistic religion • Explanations of natural phenomena, human qualities, & life events https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPAwnvyN6xw Roman Mythology Animated https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQg2SSnSeoQ (Roman Gods & Goddesses Lunula Who are the Roman Gods/Goddess? Greek Roman Role God/Goddess God/Goddess Zeus Jupiter king of the gods Hera Juno queen of the gods Apollo Apollo god of music, sun Bulla Artemis Diana goddess of wild things, huntress Athena Minerva goddess of wisdom & war Aphrodite Venus goddess of love & beauty Temples in Ancient Rome “Italy” The Temple of Apollo in Pompeii The Temple of Hercules Victor Pantheon Temple dedicated to all gods How does Roman Mythology influence us today? • Many of today’s symbols, metaphors, words, and images come from Roman mythology Video: “Roman Influence on the Modern World” https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=C3S0EmzEnF0 Ancient Rome: The Main Idea The Roman Republic In order to understand the connections, we will make comparisons between the Roman Republic and our U.S. Government. Essential Question In what ways did the Roman Republic create a foundation for modern (today’s) democracy? Who ruled Rome before the Republic? • Etruscan kings ruled and expanded Rome- (monarchy) -agriculture and temples (753 BCE) • The last Etruscan king was overthrown by Roman aristocrats for being too harsh. What is a Republic? • The Romans vowed to never be ruled by a king. Instead they set up a republic around 509 BCE. Republic: • a form of government in which power rests with the people who can vote and elect their leader • Rome “people” (citizens- freeborn males) What are the similarities between the governments? Comparing Rome United States Republican Governments Executive Legislative Judicial Legal Code Citizenship What are the similarities between the governments? Comparing Rome United States Republican Governments Executive leaders, led army & gov. 1 leader, led army & gov. Leader in charge Legislative Senate-advised consuls & foreign Senate-advised president & foreign Made laws policy, had assemblies, made laws policy, have assemblies, make laws Judicial 8 judges, enforced laws, heard 9 justices (judge), enforced laws, heard Enforced civil & criminal cases civil & criminal cases laws Legal Code Twelve Tables-basic laws U.S. Constitution-basic laws Citizenship Native born Native born Social Classes- Patricians and Plebeians Patricians: Plebeians: • aristocratic • Common people- landowners who farmers, merchants, held most of the artisans, etc. power in government • Made up the majority of the population • made up a minority of the • Right to vote, but did population not hold the most important government • inherited power positions. (male citizens and social status could vote) (male citizens could vote) Social Classes-Foreigners and Slaves Slaves: Foreigners: 1. No power • could be citizens 2. Often (sometimes) prisoners of war who had no power 3. Not based on race 4. Could be from debt Social Classes-Women Women: • Freeborn could be citizens • Could not vote • Could not hold political office • Managed the http://rome.mrdonn.org/women.html household of slaves More information on Women in Ancient Rome & children Government Structure of the Republic Consuls (Executive branch) Consuls: • two leader officials Powers: • commanded the army • directed government • advised by senate Term Length: • 1 year (Legislative branch) Tribunes: • plebeian elected by Senate: Tribal Assembly • aristocratic branch of government that Length of term: consisted of 300 • 1 year members from Powers: patricians (upper • look out for plebeian class). benefit in Senate Length of term: • for life Powers: • foreign policy and financial matters (Legislative branch) Centuriate Assembly: Tribal Assembly: • soldiers that were • made up of citizens chosen for plebeians life • controlled by the Term Length: patricians. • for life Term Length: Powers: • for life • elected tribunes • made laws for Powers: commoners • selected consuls • made laws (Judicial branch) Praetors • 8 judges Term Length: 1 year Powers: • oversee civil & criminal cases • govern provinces In Times of Crisis... Dictator: • Appointed to serve in times of crisis • Chosen by consuls, elected by the Senate Term Length: • 6 months Powers: • Absolute power to make laws • Command army Rights and Responsibilities of all Roman citizens (male) • Right to vote • Pay taxes • Serve in the military Twelve Tables Why are the Twelve Tables important? • First written code of law for Rome • Guaranteed that all free citizens had the protection of the law “Innocent until proven guilty” Videos to Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46Z Xl-V4qwY Works Cited List Video “Ancient Rome in 20 minutes” https://www.tes.com/lessons/MfNHK17Rm5GO4g/ancient-rome http://www.highviewschool.org.uk/roman-gods-and-goddesses/ https://www.quora.com/Why-was-the-Roman-Senate-unable-to-depose-Caligula- when-the-extent-of-his-madness-became-clear-Was-there-no-procedure-for- dealing-with-mentally-incompetent-rulers-Did-Caligula-have-the-support-of-the- army-despite-his-habits-being-public-knowledge http://www.crystalinks.com/romewomen.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_ancient_Rome http://www.romeacrosseurope.com/?p=2663#sthash.lxwDJJQm.dpbs https://theromanlaws.weebly.com/the-twelve-tables.html https://pixabay.com/en/legion-roman-army-ancient-military-444126/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46ZXl-V4qwY Video “Ancient Rome in 20 minutes” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunula_(amulet).