DOCUMENT RESUME ED 386 137 HE 028 545 TITLE Women in Higher Education Management. INSTITUTION Commonwealth Secretariat, London (England).; International Development Research Centre, Ottawa (Ontario).; International Federation of Univ. Women.; Standing Conference of Rectors, Presidents, and Vice-Chancellors of the European Universities.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). PUB DATE 93 NOTE 200p. AVAILABLE FROMEducation Department, Human Resource Development Division, Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SW1Y FHX, England, United Kingdom. PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC08 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Administrator Role; *College Administration; Developed Nations; Developing Nations; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Management Development; Regional Characteristics; Sex Role; *Women Administrators IDENTIFIERS Bahrain; Canada; Caribbean; Finland; France; Glass Ceiling; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Nigeria; Peru; South Pacific; United States; University of the South Pacific (Fiji); University of the West Indies; West Indies; Women College Presidents ABSTRACT This volume contains 11 papers on the under-representation of women in higher education management in Bahrain, Finland, France, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Peru, the United States and Canada, the South Pacific and the West Indies. All papers were written by women vice-chancellors, presidents and senior managers of universities in those nations. The papers are: "Bahrain: The Role of Women in Higher Education Management in the Arab Region" (Rafica S. Hammoud); "Finland: Women in Higher Education in Finland" (Veronica Stolte-Heiskanen); "France: The Role of Women in the Administration of Higher Education in France" (Michele Gendreau-Massaloux); "India: The Place of Women in the Management of Higher Education in India" (Suma Chitnis); "Indonesia: Indonesian Women in Higher Education Management" (Mariana Setiadarma); "Malaysia: Women Managers in Higher Education in Malaysia" (Asmah Haji Omar); "Nigeria: Women in Higher Education Management--The Nigerian Context" (Grace Alele Williams); "Peru: The Woman's Role in the Administration of Higher Education in Peru" (Gladys Buzzio Zamora RSCJ); "USA/Canada: Women in Higher Education Management in the United States and Canada" (Sandra Featherman); "University of the South Pacific: Women in Higher Education Management in the South Pacific--The Case of the University of the South Pacific" (Konai H. Thaman and Sarojini Pillay); and "University of the West Indies: Staff Development and Gender Equity in the Commonwealth Caribbean Universities--The Experience of the University of the West Indies" (Gwendoline Williams and Claudia Harvey). (Some papers contain references.) (JB) xi&e f ctOrs; PYob}.6--'. pationde ; ems, ovill be Wasted if she does ni :ap up 'oh:the management s is -the greatest problem fa. fiejd.,:of .bigher edocations. T ._education is still far, beloW :tiary level iS a verY imp.ortan it of this.:seotor. atehs.- Indonesiah socies conciliatory anal.° on Indon Is:. ...they: can be professi th.e place of origin,...,th6 ir. iernseives,BesideSthese or! These organizatiOr ties fo'r high-level decision4, I: p manageMentin higher edu s. It is a. prOc9ss.0 eVolun, r ..Jerationtfia 4:World 'trends in. everY . S BEST COPY AVAILABLE WOMEN IN firGfIER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT elb 11E H Commonwealth Secretariat United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization With the participation of. The International Development Research Centre arid: The International Federation of University Women The Standing Conference of Rectors, Presidents and Vice-Chancellors of the European Universities Authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in signed articles and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published in 1993 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP UNESCO 1993 FOREWORD The Commonwealth Secretariat and UNESCO are organizations committed to the full involvement of women in higher education, including its decision-making processes. The Commonwealth Plan of Action on Women and Development and the Third Medium-Term Plan of UNESCO (1990-95) both call for measures which will enhance the participation of women in development. Higher education makes a vital contribution to sustainable development through the generation and dissemination of knowledge. The effective management of this domain merits top priority at a time when universities worldwide face critical challenges due to the unprecedented expansion yet drastically reduced resources of higher education. The numerous and complex issues facing society moreover demand that social investment in institutions of higher education is fully justified in terms of its return to the community. The under-representation of women in higher education management is well- documented and serves to demonstrate that the pool of managerial talent within each country is not optimally utilized.Current practices of recruitment and promotion require urgent investigation in order to understand the barriers to women's progress and to identify strategies to bring about a fairer gender balance based on professional equality. In this collection of essays, women managers working in diverse socio-cultural and geographical contexts analyze the obstacles which they have faced and overcome during their careers. Four principal themes emerge: the general participation of women in education; the extent of their involvement inhigher education management, including impediments to their advancement; the development of strategies to surmount these career limitations; and the particular contribution of women to the management of higher education. The authenticity and depth of the authors' insights provide rich, experience-based material for higher education specialists and policy-makers alike. They provide a framework within which existing practice may be reviewed and new policies elaborated, so as to accelerate the participation of women in higher education management. E a/Anyku Federico Mayor Secretary-General Director-General Commonwealth Secretariat UNESCO EDITORIAL NOTE It has been our privilege and pleasure tc collaborate in the realization of this study on women in higher education management. Higher education is the traditional training ground for society's leaders and specialized manpower. Today, the education of a graduate constituteP, an investment foreach and every country. This should be returned through this person's soundcontribution to the social, economic and cultural development of the nation. In this respect, men and women have equal responsibility. As the 21st century approaches, women graduates face excitingperspectives. Increasingly, they will be strongly urged to assume their rightful place in the decision- making processboth in the systems and institutions of higher education and also in the various professions for which they have studied.As this dual role is of the greatest importance for society, women merit strong encouragement in these endeavours. We hope that this study will stimulate further reflection and action regarding the issueof women in higher education management so that their presence inthis domain may be strengthened. We wish to express our gratitude to the authors and to our colleagues who have contributed to this project.Special thanks are due to the partner organizations of the Commonwealth Secretariat and UNESCO which have generously provided support: the International Development Research Centre, Canada, which has sponsored the French version, the Standing Conference of Rectors, Presidents and Vice-Chancellors of the European Universities and the International Federation of University Women. Hena MUKHERJEE Commonwealth Secretariat Mary-Louise KEARNEY UNESCO PRODUCTION Coordination: Li liana Simionescu French Version: UNESCO, Irene Michine, Martine Coursodon, Madeleine Schick ler, Sophie Guerin Cover Design: Jeanette Wahl Contents Notes on the Authors 5 Overview 11 Elizabeth Dines, University of Adelaide, Australia Bahrain: The Role of Women in Higher Education Management 31 in the Arab Region Rafica S. Hammoud Finland: Women in Higher Education in Finland 53 Veronica Stolte-Heiskanen France: The Role of Women in the Administration of Higher Education 67 in France Michèle Gendreau-Massaloux India: The Place of Women in the Management of Higher Education 81 in India Suma Chitnis Indonesia: Indonesian Women in Higher Education Management 105 Mariana Setiadarma Malaysia: Women Managers in Higher Education in Malaysia 121 Asmah Haji Omar Nigeria: Women in Higher Education Management - The Nigerian 135 Context Grace Alele Williams Peru: The Woman's Role in the Administration of Higher Education 147 in Peru Gladys Buzzio Zamora RSCJ USA/Canada: Women in Higher Education Management in the 165 United States and Canada Sandra Featherman University of the South Pacific: Women in Higher Education 177 Management in the South Pacific - The Case of the University of the South Pacific Konai H. Thaman and