Economic Sustainability of Small-Scale Forestry International IUFRO Symposium Anssi Niskanen and Johanna Väyrynen (eds.) EFI Proceedings No. 36, 2001 European Forest Institute IUFRO Working Unit 3.08.00 Academy of Finland Finnair Metsämiesten Säätiö –Foundation MTK – The Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners, Finland University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry, Finland EFI Proceedings No. 36, 2001 Economic Sustainability of Small-Scale Forestry Anssi Niskanen and Johanna Väyrynen (eds.) Publisher: European Forest Institute Series Editors: Risto Päivinen, Editor-in-Chief Tim Green, Technical Editor Brita Pajari, Conference Manager Editorial Office: European Forest Institute Phone: +358 13 252 020 Torikatu 34 Fax. +358 13 124 393 FIN-80100 Joensuu, Finland Email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.efi.fi/ Cover photo: Markku Tano Layout: Johanna Väyrynen Printing: Gummerus Printing Saarijärvi, Finland 2001 Disclaimer: The papers in this book comprise the proceedings of the event mentioned on the cover and title page. They reflect the authors' opinions and do not necessarily correspond to those of the European Forest Institute. The papers published in this volume have been peer-reviewed. © European Forest Institute 2001 ISSN 1237-8801 ISBN 952-9844-82-4 Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................... 5 Special Session: Economic Sustainabiliy of Small-Scale Forestry – Perspectives around the World – John Herbohn Prospects for Small-Scale Forestry in Australia ............................................... 9 Pentti Hyttinen Prospects for Small-Scale Forestry in Europe ................................................ 21 Ikuo Ota The Economic Situation of Small-Scale Forestry in Japan ............................ 29 Paul Mitchell-Banks Small-Scale Forestry in Canada or Mammals Living Amongst Governments and Dinosaurs ............................... 41 Special Session: Small-Scale Forestry Development in Central and Eastern European Countries Ján Ilavský Preparedness of Private Owners for the Management of Forests in the Slovak Republic ....................................................................... 53 László Jáger and Current State and Conflicts of Károly Mészáros Small-Scale Forestry in Hungary ................................................................... 61 Stanislaw Zajac The Economic and Social Role of Small-Scale (Private) Forest Holdings in Poland .............................................................................. 71 Pekka Alhojärvi International Financing Possibilities for Small-Scale Forestry Development Schemes ................................................. 81 Policy Measures and Forestry Extension to Encourage Small-Scale Forestry Martin Lillandt Forest Management Association – a Major Tool to Promote Economic Sustainability of Family Forestry .......... 93 Joakim Hermelin Policy Measures and Forestry Extension, Education and Training to Encourage Small-Scale Forestry ................................................ 101 Olli Saastamoinen The Challenges of Small-Scale Forestry in Finland: Policy and Planning Perspectives ................................................................. 107 Sylvain Masse Forest Tenant Farming as Tested in Canada by the Bas-Saint-Laurent Model Forest: Is it Socio-Economically Viable? ........... 119 Forest Management Planning – Tool for Sustainable Small-Scale Forestry – Bill Wilson and Treading the Path to Sustainable Forestry: Sen Wang New Directions in Canada with Particular Reference to British Columbia 131 Laura Bouriaud Sustainable Forest Management: with or without Privately Owned Forests? A Romanian Case Survey ................................... 143 Lennart Eriksson and A Model Indicating Effects of Multi-purpose Use of Anders Lindhagen Forestry at the Stand Level ........................................................................... 161 Karl Stampfer et al. Small-Scale Forestry Challenges in Austria ................................................. 177 Maria Iwarsson and Interactive Knowledge System for Sverker Johansson Family Enterprise Forestry ........................................................................... 185 Jouni Pykäläinen Supporting Selection between Individual and Joint Ownership in Private Forestry: a Planning Example in a Death Estate .......................... 191 Monitoring the Socio-Economics of Small-Scale Forestry Steve Harrison Research Approaches to Environmental-economic Issues in Small-scale Forestry ................................................................................ 201 Walter Sekot Analysis of Profitability of Small-Scale Farm Forestry (SSFF) by Means of a Forest Accountancy Data Network – Austrian Experiences and Results ............................................................. 215 Jussi Leppänen Measuring the Direct Financial Assistance in Small-Scale Forestry Accounting ................................................................. 227 Esa Uotila Monitoring Farm Forestry in Finland Using Wood Sales Profit Tax Information .................................................................................. 241 Social Dimension in Small-Scale Forestry Jørgen Amdam Future Challenges for Small-Scale Forestry – Examples from the West Coast of Norway ................................................... 253 Johan Barstad Lowland Crofting and Urban Sprawl: New Aspects to Sustainable Forest Management in Local and Rural Development ............. 269 Programme .................................................................................................... 277 List of Participants ........................................................................................ 283 Most recent EFI Publications ....................................................................... 291 Foreword The European Forest Institute, together with the Central Union of Agricultural Producers of Finland and the Faculty of Forestry of the University of Joensuu, organised an International Symposium on 'Economic sustainability of small-scale forestry' on 20-26 March 2001 in Joensuu, Finland. The symposium was also a Working Group meeting of IUFRO 3.08.00 Small-scale Forestry. There were 84 participants from 25 countries, and there were 26 high quality presentations on small-scale forestry problems, development prospects, policies, extension as well as forest management planning. We highly appreciate the assistance of those people at the European Forest Institute who helped us during the symposium. Their help was most valuable to the success of the event. We would like also to thank those who contributed in a valuable way to the field trip and post-conference tour of the Symposium: Mr Lasse Finér (North Karelia Regional Environment Centre, Joensuu), Mr Kyösti Hassinen (North Karelian Forestry Centre), Mr Jarkko Huovinen (Private forest owner, Tuupovaara), Mr Ari Karhapää (Forest Management Association, Ylä-Karjala), Mr Heikki Karhunen (Metsäliitto Ltd.), Mr Lasse Lóven (Finnish Forest Research Institute, Koli National Park), Mr Jari Parviainen (Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Centre), Mrs Marja Pitkänen (Private forest owner, Lieksa), Mr Reijo Svanborg (Tulikivi Ltd.), Mr and Mrs Tervo (Private forest owners, Nurmes), Mr Sakari Tikka (Centre of Forest Management Association, Joensuu) and Mr Ahti Ullgren (StoraEnso Ltd). We would also like to express our gratitude to scientific committee for selecting the voluntary papers to this proceedings, to keynote speakers on their excellent presentations, and to Mr Tim Green (European Forest Institute) for checking the language and helping prepare these Proceedings. Our last and very warmest thanks go to the following organisations and foundations for supporting the Symposium in many different ways: Academy of Finland, Finnair, Metsämiesten Säätiö –Foundation, Metsäliitto Ltd., City of Outokumpu and Tulikivi Ltd. Joensuu, May 2001 Anssi Niskanen Johanna Väyrynen Symposium Chairman Symposium Co-ordinator Anssi Niskanen and Johanna Väyrynen (eds.) Economic Sustainability of Small-Scale Forestry EFI Proceedings No. 36, 2001 Special Session: Economic Sustainabiliy of Small-Scale Forestry – Perspectives around the World – Prospects for Small-Scale Forestry in Australia John Herbohn Natural and Rural Systems Management The University of Queensland Abstract This paper discusses the prospects for small-scale forestry in Australia. The nature of forestry in Australia is reviewed, including the historical development and current status of farm forestry. A number of significant impediments exist to further development of farm forestry, the most significant of which are associated with the lack of a farm forestry culture, concerns over harvest rights, availability of markets, the long wait for returns and satisfaction with current land uses. Recent research has made significant contributions to the development of forestry. As a result, there has been progress towards overcoming impediments, with substantial increases in the establishment of new plantations on private land in the past two to three years. The prospects of small-scale forestry in Australia are bright. Keywords: Farm forestry, culture, impediments, conservation plantings 1. Background Traditionally, forestry activities in Australia have been based on the exploitation of the extensive eucalypt forests that existed at the time of European settlement. The native forest resource is finite. It has been depleted since European