E4606 Public Disclosure Authorized Ministry of Agriculture Disaster Risk Management and Food Security Sector Food Security Coordination Directorate Public Disclosure Authorized Productive Safety Net Program Phase 4 (PSNP 4) Public Disclosure Authorized ENHANCED SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND CONSULTATION FINAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized 9 June 2014 Contents Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Background to PSNP 4 ................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Program Description ......................................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 National Policies ............................................................................................................................................... 14 3. Methodology .................................................................................................................................................. 17 3.1 Literature Review .............................................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Gap Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Fieldwork (including Community Consultation) .............................................................................................. 20 4. Profile of Underserved Communities ............................................................................................................. 21 5. Most Vulnerable and Underserved Groups .................................................................................................... 32 5.1 Women in male-headed and female-headed households ................................................................................... 32 5.2 Polygamous households .................................................................................................................................... 33 5.3 Pastoralist Households ...................................................................................................................................... 33 5.4 Ex-pastoralists or pastoral “drop-outs” ........................................................................................................... 36 5.5 Unemployed Rural Youth ................................................................................................................................. 36 5.6 Community members eligible for Direct Support (DS) .................................................................................... 36 5.7 New residents to the Woreda............................................................................................................................. 36 5.8 Children ............................................................................................................................................................. 37 6. Potential Considerations for Vulnerable Groups for PSNP 4 Design ............................................................. 38 6.1 Beneficiary Selection (Targeting)……………………………………………………….................................38 Inclusion and Exclusion ................................................................................................................................ 38 Role of Changing Poverty and Livelihood Dynamics .................................................................................... 39 Households living on in towns and on fringe of urban areas……………………………………………..…......39 Informal Authority Structure ......................................................................................................................... 40 Appeals Structures ......................................................................................................................................... 40 Traditional/Informal Support Systems .......................................................................................................... 40 Issues Related to Full Family Targeting (FFT) ............................................................................................. 43 Awareness ..................................................................................................................................................... 43 6.2 Transfers ............................................................................................................................................................ 43 Payment Modality ......................................................................................................................................... 44 Inappropriate use of transfer ........................................................................................................................ 45 Timeliness and Predictability ........................................................................................................................ 45 Transfer Schedule .......................................................................................................................................... 47 6.3 Public Works (PWs) ......................................................................................................................................... 47 Workload ....................................................................................................................................................... 47 Health and Safety .......................................................................................................................................... 48 Children ......................................................................................................................................................... 49 Timing of Public Works ................................................................................................................................. 49 Mass Mass Labour Mobilization ................................................................................................................... 50 Local Knowledge ........................................................................................................................................... 50 6.4 Nutrition ............................................................................................................................................................ 51 6.5 Direct Support (DS) .......................................................................................................................................... 51 Cap on Direct Support .................................................................................................................................. 51 Duration of Support ...................................................................................................................................... 52 Delays ............................................................................................................................................................ 52 6.6 Livelihoods Support .......................................................................................................................................... 52 Awareness ..................................................................................................................................................... 52 Gender ........................................................................................................................................................... 52 Capacity ........................................................................................................................................................ 53 Most Vulnerable ............................................................................................................................................ 53 Micro-Credit.................................................................................................................................................. 53 Appropriate Loans ......................................................................................................................................... 53 Complementarity ........................................................................................................................................... 54 6.7 Graduation ......................................................................................................................................................... 54 6.8 Social Cohesion ................................................................................................................................................. 55 6.9 Social Conflict 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