FMP for Groundfish of the BSAI Management Area Fishery Management Plan for Groundfish of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Management Area APPENDICES Appendix A History of the Fishery Management Plan ...................................................................... A-1 A.1 Amendments to the FMP ......................................................................................................... A-1 Appendix B Geographical Coordinates of Areas Described in the Fishery Management Plan ..... B-1 B.1 Management Area, Subareas, and Districts ............................................................................. B-1 B.2 Closed Areas ............................................................................................................................ B-2 B.3 PSC Limitation Zones ........................................................................................................... B-18 Appendix C Summary of the American Fisheries Act and Subtitle II ............................................. C-1 C.1 Summary of the American Fisheries Act (AFA) Management Measures ............................... C-1 C.2 Summary of Amendments to AFA in the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2010 ................ C-2 C.3 American Fisheries Act: Subtitle II Bering Sea Pollock Fishery ............................................ C-4 Appendix D Life History Features and Habitat Requirements of Fishery Management Plan SpeciesD-1 D.1 Walleye pollock (Theragra calcogramma) ............................................................................. D-9 D.2 Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) ...................................................................................... D-15 D.3 Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) ........................................................................................... D-19 D.4 Yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) .......................................................................................... D-23 D.5 Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) ................................................................. D-25 D.6 Arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) ........................................................................... D-28 D.7 Northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) ....................................................................... D-30 D.8 Flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) ........................................................................... D-32 D.9 Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) ................................................................. D-35 D.10 Rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus) ...................................................................................... D-37 D.11 Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) ...................................................................................... D-39 D.12 Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) .................................................................................... D-41 D.13 Northern rockfish (Sebastes polyspinus) ............................................................................... D-45 D.14 Shortraker rockfish (Sebastes borealis) ................................................................................. D-48 D.15 Blackspotted rockfish (Sebastes melanostictus) and rougheye rockfish (S. aleutianus) ....... D-50 D.16 Dusky rockfish (Sebastes variabilis) ..................................................................................... D-53 D.17 Thornyhead rockfish (Sebastolobus sp.) ............................................................................... D-56 D.18 Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) .................................................................. D-58 D.19 Squids (Cephalopoda, Teuthida) ........................................................................................... D-63 D.20 Octopuses .............................................................................................................................. D-65 D.21 Sharks .................................................................................................................................... D-70 D.22 Sculpins (Cottidae) ................................................................................................................ D-73 D.23 Skates (Rajidae) ..................................................................................................................... D-75 D.24 Capelin (Osmeridae) .............................................................................................................. D-77 D.25 Eulachon (Osmeridae) ........................................................................................................... D-80 Appendix E Maps of Essential Fish Habitat ....................................................................................... E-1 Appendix F Adverse Effects on Essential Fish Habitat ..................................................................... F-1 F.1 Fishing Activities that may Adversely Affect Essential Fish Habitat ...................................... F-1 August 2015 i FMP for Groundfish of the BSAI Management Area F.1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. F-1 F.1.2 Effects of Fishing Analysis ................................................................................................. F-2 F.1.3 Fishing Gear Impacts .......................................................................................................... F-3 F.1.4 Results of the Analysis of Effects of Fishing on Habitat Features ...................................... F-9 F.1.5 Evaluation of Effects on EFH of Groundfish Species ....................................................... F-11 F.1.6 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... F-26 F.2 Non-fishing Impacts ............................................................................................................... F-30 F.2.1 Upland Activities .............................................................................................................. F-31 F.2.2 Riverine Activities ............................................................................................................ F-36 F.2.3 Estuarine Activities ........................................................................................................... F-43 F.2.4 Coastal/Marine Activities .................................................................................................. F-54 F.2.5 References ......................................................................................................................... F-60 F.3 Cumulative Effects of Fishing and Non-Fishing Activities on Essential Fish Habitat ........... F-65 Appendix G Fishery Impact Statement ............................................................................................... G-1 Appendix H Research Needs ................................................................................................................. H-1 H.1 Management Policy Research Programs ................................................................................. H-1 H.2 Council Research Priorities ..................................................................................................... H-1 H.3 National Marine Fisheries Service .......................................................................................... H-3 H.4 Essential Fish Habitat Research and Information Needs ......................................................... H-4 Appendix I Information on Marine Mammal and Seabird Populations .......................................... I-1 I.1 Marine Mammal Populations ....................................................................................................I-1 I.1.1 Potential impacts of fisheries on marine mammals .............................................................. I-1 I.1.2 Statutory protection for marine mammals ............................................................................ I-3 I.1.3 Consideration of marine mammals in groundfish fishery management ............................... I-4 I.1.4 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... I-6 I.2 Seabird Populations ...................................................................................................................I-7 I.2.1 Potential impacts of fisheries on seabird species ................................................................. I-7 I.2.2 Statutory protection for seabirds .......................................................................................... I-8 I.2.3 Consideration of seabirds in groundfish fishery management ............................................. I-9 I.2.4 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... I-10 Appendix J Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public Law 108-447): Provisions related to catcher processor participation in the BSAI non-pollock groundfish fisheries ................................. J-1 J.1 Summary of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 ........................................................ J-1 J.2 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005: Section 219(a) and (g) ............................................. J-1 August 2015 ii FMP for Groundfish of the