ISSN 0798 1015 HOME Revista ESPACIOS ÍNDICES / Index A LOS AUTORES / To the AUTORS Vol. 41 (Issue 12) Year 2020. Page 21 Wind energy analysis in use and implementation in Mexico Análisis de la energía eólica en uso e implementación en México SILVA, Jorge A. 1 Received: 24/12/2019 • Approved: 24/03/2020 • Published 09/04/2020 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Results 4. Conclusions Bibliographic references ABSTRACT: RESUMEN: There is a lack of research into the way that wind power can be Hay una falta de investigación sobre la forma en que la energía used in Mexico. The purpose of this systematic literature review is eólica se puede utilizar en México. El objetivo de esta revisión to highlight how the government of Mexico has developed and sistemática de la literatura es destacar cómo el gobierno de implemented projects aimed at harnessing wind power. The México ha desarrollado e implementado proyectos destinados a PRISMA methodology was implemented. Results showed that aprovechar la energía eólica. Se implementó la metodología wind energy is a growing industry in Mexico and the nation has PRISMA. Los resultados mostraron que la energía eólica es una the potential to become a force in Central America with regards industria en crecimiento en México y la nación tiene el potencial to wind energy generation. de convertirse en una fuerza en Centroamérica con respecto a la Keywords: Clean energies, renewable energies, wind energy. generación de energía eólica. Palabras clave: Energías limpias, energías renovables, energía eólica. 1. Introduction Ever since the advent of the 21st century, scholars and practitioners alike have documented and raised concerns with regard to issues surrounding energy security and environmental pollution .The concerns have prompted private and public entities to develop and implement renewable energy sources that are not only environmentally friendly but also those which can help in cutting down on costs incurred during the creation of energy. By definition, renewable energy sources are said to be those which are replenished naturally with examples provided by Miller and Spoolman (2012) being inclusive of wind, solar, or even geothermal heat. The subsequent analysis will lay a primal focus on the use of wind energy, which describes the process by which wind is used to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. A generator can convert mechanical power into electricity (Golfman, 2012). Estimations from scholars show that at least 35% of the wind on the earth’s surface can be harnessed for energy purposes (Climate Action Tracker, 2016; Miller & Spoolman, 2012). The 30% availability of the natural form of energy means that at least 1.26x109MW amounts of energy can be produced, which can meet the entire demand and supply needs of the international community (Boyd, Turner, & Ward, 2015). Comparative analyses show that wind energy comes intact with a myriad of benefits and merits compared to traditional energy sources (Rodríguez, Jesús, Jaramillo, & Martínez, 2015). With wind energy, governments can be sure to cut down on the amount of harmful gases emitted into the atmosphere as it is clean and environmentally friendly (Robinson, Thresher, & Veers, 2008; Kalmikov, 2017). In addition, the energy source is free and inexhaustible, meaning that it is available in copious amounts. The utilization of wind energy can help in reducing the demand rates for fossil fuels and other kind of energy, atomic for instance, with the estimated cost per kWh of wind energy being low compared to that of other energy sources. The main objective of this systematic literature review is to highlight how the government of Mexico has developed and implemented projects aimed at harnessing wind power. The research paper will evaluate the literature from a prescriptive and analytical overview addendum to highlighting any gaps in research. Furthermore, the research analyses the various challenges faced by the government during the formulation and subsequent passing of wind energy-related projects. Finally, the paper will underscore the divergent regulations set up by the government for the overarching aim of controlling the wind energy market in the nation and how this has helped in the continued growth of the nation. 2. Methodology The researcher implemented the PRISMA methodology (Moher et al., 2015) to collect all the requisite data with regards to wind energy in Mexico. This methodology was chosen primarily because it helps researchers to improve the quality of the systematic review results. Also, the tool is vital in the determination of the necessary articles through the use of a 21-item checklist. The selected period ranged from the years 1970 to 2019. The electronic databases such as SCOPUS, Environment Index, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar as well as Web of Science were used. 3. Results The implementation of the PRISMA technique for the identification, selection as well as the determination of the best papers for the overall research led to the collection of at least 61 papers. Twenty-two of the identified papers were reports with 29 being research papers. At least five were journal articles, while 1 of them was a case study. There were three articles and one book from the identified papers. All of the articles met the set metrics by the STROBE checklist with the Web of Science website authenticating their quality (Table 1). Table 1. Literature selected Title Type of Authors and Comments document date Strategies for the Development of Report ANES (2000) The report evaluates the divergent Renewable Energy in Mexico strategies to be implemented by private and public entities in the development of renewable energy in the nation Accommodating wind power in a Book Pasqualetti The chapter provides a step by step hostile landscape chapter (2002) overview into the types of strategies that can be used when communicating to communities with regards to the implementation of wind energy projects Renewable Energy for Protected Research Romero-Paredes The paper espouses on the strategic Areas of the Yucatan Peninsula paper Rubio et al. initiatives set up by the Mexican (2003) government, which can help improve the use of renewable energy Wind Force 12: a blueprint to Report Global Wind This report analyses the various steps to achievee 12 % of the world’s Energy Council be taken by the international community electricity by 2020 (2005) in the implementation of wind energy for electricity production purposes Project Appraisal Document On A Report World Bank The report appraises wind energy projects Proposed Purchase Of Emissions Group (2006) and how they have helped in curbing the Reductions By The Spanish Carbon emission of gases Fund And The BioCarbon Fund. In the Amount of US$ 17,473,211 From The Comision Federal De Electricidad (Mexico) For The Wind Umbrella (La Venta II) Project Central Eoloeléctrica La Venta II Research Cadenas Tovar The research highlights how wind energy paper and Saldivar can be harnessed in power plants and Urquiza (2007) which factors need to be considered prior and after implementation Hedging Mexico’s Electricity Bets: Report Farchy (2007) The report analyses how electricity is The Case for Renewable Energy generated in Mexico through the use of renewable energy sources Grassroots Resistance: Contesting Article Sanchez (2007) The article provides a step by step Wind Mill construction in Oaxaca overview into the types of strategies that can be used when communicating to communities with regards to the implementation of wind energy projects Short term wind speed forecasting Research Cadenas and The paper evaluates the key factors to be in La Venta, Oaxaca, México, using paper Rivera (2009) taken into account when harnessing wind artificial neural networks energy Barriers to clean development Research Lokey (2009) The research analyses the different mechanism renewable energy paper challenges facing the Mexican government projects in Mexico when setting up wind energy projects Wind Conflicts In The Isthmus Of Research Oceransky The research analyses the different Tehuantepec. The Role of paper (2009) challenges facing the Mexican government Ownership and Decision-Making when setting up wind energy projects Models in Indigenous Resistance to Wind Projects in Southern Mexico Why we still don’t understand the Research Aitken (2010a) This research analyses the various social aspects of wind power: a paper challenges faced by the Mexican National critique of key assumptions within Government in the development and the literature implementation of wind energy sources Wind power and community Journal Aitken (2010b) The article evaluates the various benefits: Challenges and Article challenges to be faced in setting up wind opportunities projects and how the government can use them to their benefit Power in Mexico: Renewables Article Bonetto and The article evaluates how wind energy is Remain More Desired than Real Story (2010) growing to become a key tenet of the overall Mexican economy Wind speed forecasting in three Research Cadenas and The paper analyses how firms in Mexico different regions of Mexico, using a paper Rivera (2010) can measure and collect wind energy in 3 hybrid ARIMA–ANN model different regions Use of Renewable Energy in the Report Elizalde Baltierra The report analyses how electricity is Electric Power Generation Sector in et al. (2011) generated in Mexico through the use of Mexico: Political, Regulatory, renewable energy sources Economic