Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(12): 486-492 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 12 (2016) pp. 486-492 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.512.052 Isolation of Allergic Fungal Microflora from the Aero-Spora of Khammam District, India D. Saikumari* and Neeti Saxena Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab, Department of Botany, University College For women, Koti, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Allergies like Asthma, contact urticarial, bronchial problems, skin problems, hay fever, and common allergies are caused by fungal spores. Allergic proteins present Fungal spores, in the fungal spores are responsible for the cause of these allergies. Isolation of fungi Allergens, was done by exposed culture plates from three selected areas viz vegetable market Aerospora , area, surrounding area of factories and Government school of Pandurangapuram Human diseases, Khammam district. village, Khammam district, Telangana, India. Isolation was done from three different areas in order to study the variation in the fungal succession. Altogether 76 species32 genera were isolated from these areas. Aspergillus, Alternaria, Pencillium, Article Info Rhizopus, Mucor, Fusarium were commonly isolated. The present study infer/ Accepted: 18 November 2016 showed that maximum fungal spores which are saprophytic, pathogenic and Available Online: toxigenic were isolated from the market area. Wood rotting fungi were isolated from 10 December 2016 the industrial area. Introduction Allergy is one form of human disease which Pasanen et al., 1992; Katz et al., 1999). effects about 20% of human population Fungi are ubiquitous air borne allergens (Sathavahan et al., 2011)). People are cause of human diseases like allergic exposed to allergens in various environment rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, both at home and at work. The concentration and allergic Broncho-pulmonary mycoses of allergens in the environment varies resulting from exposure to spores (Braun, depending on various factors including 2003). climate, vegetation and air quality. The prevalence of respiratory allergies to The outdoor allergens are predominantly fungi is estimated at 20% to 30% among constituted by plant pollens and fungal atopic individuals and up to 6% in general spores. The outdoor allergens on the other population (Hodgson et al., 1989). The most hand are represented by allergens from dust common allergic fungi are Alternaria, mites, cockroaches and pets.The indoor Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, environments the fungus settled on the beds, Dechslera and yeast (Mezzari et al., 2002). carpets, mattresses (Meriggi et al., 1996; 486 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(12): 486-492 Materials and Methods Curvularia lunata, Curvularia tetramera, Curvularia inequalis, Curvularia spicifera, The aero spores of fungi were collected Cunninghamella echinulata, Cunning- from the atmosphere from three locations hamella elegans, Cephalosporium a i.e. Government school premises, factory cremonium, Cephalosporium roseum, area and Market area of Pandurangapuram Cephalosporium irregularis, Cyclindro- village, Khammam district, Telangana, sporium acacia, Drechslera austrliensis, India. For the quantitative analysis of fungi Drechslera spicifera, Fusarium Potato dextrose agar (PDA) media were moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, used, 3 Petri dishes of agar medium were Fusarium solani, Fusarium roseum, exposed for 3 minutes at intervals of 15 Flavodon flavus, Ganoderma lucidium, days. After exposure to the air the Petri Helminthospo rium oryzae, Hymenochaete dishes were brought to the laboratory in pre- fuliginosa, Mucor globosus, Mucor sterilized polythene bags and incubated at plumbens, Mucor racemosus, Mucor 250C for 5-7days. The identification of indicus, Memnoniella levispora, Nigrospora colonies was based on their colour, size, oryzae, Nigrospora sphaerica, Neurospora shape and other morphological features crassa, Pencillium citrinum, Pencillium (Nagamani and Manohara chary, 2006) chrysogenum, Pencillium italicum, Pencillium nigricans, Pencillium oxalicum, Results and Discussion Pencillium digitatum, Pencillium notatum, Pencillium funiculosum, Phoma lingam, 73 species were reported in Market area, 60 Phoma betae, Paecilomyces varioti, species were reported in factory area, Paecilomyces fusisporus, Phellinus badicus, 41species reported in Government school Phellinus fastutus, Rhizopus nigricans, area of the Pandurangapuram village, Rhizopus stolonifer, Stemphylium solani, Khammam district. In these three locations Sporotrichum arabicum, Stachybotrysatra, more fungal species were isolated from the Trichoderma harizianum, Trichoderma market area than the factory area and viride, Trichoderma roseum, Verticillium government school premises of the glacumwere reported from the 3 areas of Pandurangapuram village, Khammam. village. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, 71 species were isolated from the vegetable Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, market area Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flaviceps, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus sydowi, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flaviceps, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus gigantius, ochraceus, Aspergillus sydowi, Aspergillus Aspergillus granulosus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus gigantius, Aspergillus restrictus, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria granulosus, Aspergillus nidulans, brassicae, Alternaria solani, Alternaria Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus restrictus, tenuis, stereum versicolor, Alternaaria Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae, chlamydospora, Botrytis cinera, Candida Alternaria solani, Alternaria tenuis, albicans, Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaaria chlamydospora, Botrytis cinera, Cladosporium lignicola, Cladosporium Candida albicans, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Curvularia geniculata, herbarum, Cladosporium lignicola, 487 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(12): 486-492 Cladosporium sphaerospermum, inequalis, Curvularia spicifera, Curvularia geniculata, Curvularia lunata, Cunninghamella echinulata, Curvularia tetramera, Curvularia Cunninghamella elegans, Cephalosporium inequalis, Curvularia spicifera, acremonium, Cephalosporium roseum, Cunninghamella echinulata, Cunning- Cylindrosporium acacia, Drechslera hamella elegans, Cephalosporium austrliensis, Drechslera spicifera, Fusarium acremonium, Cephalosporium roseum, moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Cephalosporium ir regularis, Drechslera Fusarium solani, Fusarium roseum, austrliensis, Drechslera spicifera, Fusarium Flavodon clavus, Ganoderma lucidium, moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor globosus, Mucor Plumbens, Mucor Fusarium solani, Fusarium roseum, racemosus, Mucor indicus, Nigrospora Helminthosporium oryzae, Hymenochaete oryzae, Nigrospora sphaerica, Pencillium fuliginosa, Mucor globosus, Mucor citrinum, Pencillium italicum, Pencillium plumbens, Mucor racemosus, Mucor nigricans, Pencillium funiculosum, Phoma indicus, Nigrospora oryzae, Nigrospora betae, Phoma lingam, Phellinus badicus, sphaerica, Neurospora crassa, Pencillium Phellinus fastutus, Rhizopus nigricans, citrinum, Pencillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus stolonifera, Trichoderma viride, Pencillium italicum, Pencillium nigricans, Trichoderma roseum, Pencillium oxalicum, Pencillium digitatum, Verticilliumglaucumwere dominant species Pencillium notatum, Pencillium funi- in industrial area. culosum, Phoma lingam, Phoma betae, Paecilomyces varioti, Paecilomyces 31 species were isolated from Government fusisporus, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus school area. Aspergillus fumigatus, stolonifer, Trichoderma harizianum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma roseum, Aspergillus terreus Aspergillus versicolor, Verticilliumg lacum these were dominant Aspergillus tamaraii, Aspergillus gigantius, species in the market area. Aspergillus granulosus, Aspergillusoryzae, Alternatria alternata, Alternaria solani, 59 speices were isolated from industrial A;ternaria tenuis, Alternaria alternata, area, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus Cladosporium lignicola, Curvularia niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus geniculata, Curvularia lunata, candidus, Aspergillus sydowi, Aspergillus Cunninghamella echinulate, Cephaliophora versicolor, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus irregularis, Drechslera australiensis, clavatus, Aspergillus gigantius, Aspergillus Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium granulosus, Aspergillus nidulans, oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Mucor Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus restrictus, globosus, Mucor plumbens, Mucor Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae, racemosus, Mucor indicus, Pencillium Alternaria solani, Stereum versicolor, chrysogenum, Pencillium oxalicum, Botrytis cinera, Candida albicans, Pencillium notatum, Phoma betae, Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus stolonifera, lignicola, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma roseum Curvularia geniculata, Curvularia lunata, were dominant species in this area. Curvularia tetramera, Curvularia 488 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2016) 5(12): 486-492 Table.1 S. No Fungal species Vegetable Industrial area Government Market area school area 1. Aspergillus fumigatus +++++ ++++ +++ 2. Aspergillus