Contents Preface. vii Acknowledgements. ix About the Author . xi Chapter 1 A Short History of Planetary Nebulae. 1 Further Discoveries. 1 The Nature of the Nebulae and Modern Catalogues . 3 Chapter 2 The Evolution of Planetary Nebulae . 7 The Lives of the Stars . 7 Stages in the Life Cycle of a Sun-like Star . 9 The Asymptotic Giant Branch . 10 Proto-Planetary Nebulae and Dust. 12 Interactive Winds. 13 Emissions from Planetary Nebulae. 14 Central Stars. 16 Planetary Envelopes . 17 Binary Stars and Magnetic Fields . 19 Lifetimes of Planetary Nebulae . 21 Conclusion . 21 Chapter 3 Observing Planetary Nebulae . 23 Telescopes and Mountings . 23 Telescope Mounts. 26 Eyepieces. 27 Limiting Magnitudes and Angular Resolution . 29 Transparency and Seeing . 31 Dark Adaptation and Averted Vision . 32 Morphology of Planetary Nebulae . 33 Nebular Filters . 35 Star Charts, Observing and Computer Programs. 38 Observing Procedures. 42 Chapter 4 Photographing Planetary Nebulae. 45 Camera Equipment . 45 Software. 48 Filters for Astrophotography . 49 Contents Shooting . 50 Conclusion . 53 xiii Chapter 5 Planetary Nebulae Catalogues . 55 Main Planetary Nebulae . 56 Additional Planetary Nebulae . 58 Chapter 6 Planetary Nebulae by Constellation. 81 Andromeda. 83 Apus. 85 Aquarius . 87 Aquila . 90 Ara . 103 Auriga . 106 Camelopardalis . 108 Canis Major . 111 Carina . 113 Cassiopeia . 119 Centaurus . 123 Cepheus. 126 Cetus . 129 Chameleon . 131 Corona Australis . 133 Corvus. 135 Cygnus. 137 Delphinus . 154 Draco . 157 Eridanus . 160 Fornax . 162 Gemini. 164 Hercules . 170 Hydra. 174 Lacerta. 178 Leo . 180 Lepus . 182 Lupus . 184 Lynx . 190 Lyra . 192 Monoceros . 195 Musca. 198 Norma . 203 Ophiuchus. 205 Orion . 211 Pegasus . 214 Perseus. 219 Puppis . 225 Pyxis. 229 Sagitta . ..