!"#$%$&$'()'*+"),"-) *,(.*'$/+*')0)1*2$/+*' /#1/))"))2"#$1'& /33./#!"1!/-/4.3.$.") !"#$"% &'% $(" )$*+, '& $(" -%").+"#!, /#+ !'#0%")) MOBILIZING NATO FOR AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN AN ASSESSMENT OF ALLIANCE CAPABILITIES Mobilizing NATO for Afghanistan and Pakistan: Ensuring the Alliance’s Future A Project of the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress Co-Directors David M. Abshire W. Bruce Weinrod Project Senior Advisor General John Craddock, U.S. Army (Ret.) CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY AND CONGRESS THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY AND CONGRESS The Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress, founded in 1965, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan 501(c)(3) organization. The Center’s mission is to: promote leadership in the Presidency and the Congress to generate innovative solutions to current national challenges; preserve the historic memory of the Presidency by identifying lessons from the successes and failures of such leadership; draw on a wide range of talent to offer ways to better organize an increasingly compartmentalized federal government; and educate and inspire the next generation of America’s leaders to incorporate civility, inclusiveness, and character into their public and private lives and discourse. MOBILIZING NATO FOR AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN: AN ASSESSMENT OF ALLIANCE CAPABILITIES Copyright © 2010 CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY AND CONGRESS All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Published in the United States of America. Cover photos from NATO and ISAF. The use of international organization symbols and national flags is purely illustrative, and does not indicate any official endorsement of this report or its findings by those organizations, their member nations, or national governments. CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESIDENCY AND CONGRESS 1020 Nineteenth Street, NW, Suite 250 Washington, D.C. 20036 Phone: 202-872-9800 Fax: 202-872-9811 www.thePresidency.org Copyright © 2010 All rights reserved MOBILIZING NATO FOR AF-PAK: AN ASSESSMENT OF ALLIANCE CAPABILITIES TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword...................................................................................................................................................... 1 An Assessment of Alliance Capabilities: Expert Advisory Group ......................................................... 3 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 4 European/NATO Nations’ Capacity to Provide Additional Resources for Afghanistan ..................... 6 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Additional Combat Forces......................................................................................................................................... 6 Additional Special Operations Forces (SOF)............................................................................................................ 7 Essential Equipment Requirements: (ISTAR) Assets ............................................................................................... 7 Essential Equipment Requirements: Helicopters and Aviation/Air Transport.......................................................... 7 Additional Support Forces......................................................................................................................................... 9 Redeployable Forces ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Removing Operational Constraints: National Caveats............................................................................................ 11 Duration of Deployments ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Afghan Security Forces ........................................................................................................................................... 12 Improving Development and Governance in Afghanistan.................................................................... 16 Additional Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) ............................................................................................. 16 The Law and Order Trust Fund for Afghanistan (LOTFA) .................................................................................... 16 Civilian Aid ............................................................................................................................................................. 17 NATO Operational Procedures and Practices ....................................................................................... 18 Public Campaign ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 Counterinsurgency (COIN) ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Combat Capabilities ................................................................................................................................................ 18 Civilian Mentoring .................................................................................................................................................. 18 Operational Funding................................................................................................................................................ 18 NATO Decision-making Process ............................................................................................................................ 19 Force Structure ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 Command Structure................................................................................................................................................. 20 HQ Staffing ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 ISAF-ANA Cooperation.......................................................................................................................................... 21 NATO-EU Cooperation........................................................................................................................................... 21 Development/Civil-Military Cooperation ............................................................................................................... 21 Afghan Government Reform................................................................................................................................... 21 Development............................................................................................................................................................ 22 Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) ............................................................................................................... 22 NATO and Pakistan.................................................................................................................................. 23 Appendix A: Country-by-Country Breakdown of Available Capacities ............................................. 24 Albania - Czech Republic..................................................................................................................................24-27 Denmark - Iceland .............................................................................................................................................28-34 Italy - Norway....................................................................................................................................................35-38 Poland - Slovenia...............................................................................................................................................39-42 Spain - United Kingdom ....................................................................................................................................43-46 Appendix B: NATO Contributions to KFOR and MNF-Iraq .............................................................. 48 Appendix C: Explanation of Acronyms .................................................................................................. 50 Mobilizing NATO for Afghanistan-Pakistan: Project Expert Advisory Group ................................. 51 MOBILIZING NATO FOR AF-PAK: AN ASSESSMENT OF ALLIANCE CAPABILITIES FOREWORD This initiative to reenergize NATO’s efforts in Afghanistan began in August of 2009. The goal was to help marshal key elements of the Alliance’s massive resource base to more effectively and efficiently operate in Afghanistan, while pushing NATO to adopt a strategy that encompassed not only Afghanistan, but also its neighbor, Pakistan. By developing this strategy, identifying unused or mal deployed European resources, and linking the threat of widespread regional fallout and terrorism with failure in Afghanistan and Pakistan, we hope to increase European political, military, and civilian support