A review of the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874 (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Neotropical Region Angela Manzolillo Sanseverino München 2006 A review of the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874 (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Neotropical Region Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Durchgeführt an der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München vorgelegt von Angela Manzolillo Sanseverino aus Rio de Janeiro, Brasilien München, Oktober 2005 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Ernst Josef Fittkau Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Klaus Schönitzer Abgabetag: 20.10.2005 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 23.2.2006 Hinweis Hiermit erkläre ich, dass die nomenklatorisch relevanten Handlungen in dieser Arbeit im Sinne von Artikel 8 des Internationales Kodes für Zoologische Nomenklatur als unpubliziert zu gelten haben (ICZN 1999). Sie werden ausschließlich durch die entsprechenden Publikationen verfügbar gemacht. Disclaimer I herewith declare that the nomenclaturally relevant acts in this thesis have to be regarded as unpublished according to article 8 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), and will only become availabe by the referring publications. iii CONTENTS 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1-5 1.1. The family Chironomidae ................................................................................................. 1 1.2. The genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874 ...................................................................... 3 2. Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Material and Methods ........................................................................................................... 8 4. Results and Discussions ................................................................................................ 10-222 4.1. Imaginal and pupal morphology of Neotropical Tanytarsus: considerations on diagnostic characters, descriptions and measurements ....................................................................... 10 4.2. List of species ................................................................................................................... 26 4.3. Descriptions and discussions ............................................................................................ 28 Tanytarsus branquini Fittkau & Reiss, 1973 ......................................................................... 28 Tanytarsus cuieirensis Fittkau & Reiss, 1973 ....................................................................... 32 Tanytarsus cururui Fittkau & Reiss, 1973 ............................................................................. 38 Tanytarsus riopreto Fittkau & Reiss, 1973 ............................................................................ 42 Discussion about Tanytarsus branquini, Tanytarsus cuieirensis, Tanytarsus cururui and Tanytarsus riopreto, with comments on the Neotropical Tanytarsus riopreto species group ................................................................................................................................................ 46 Tanytarsus clivosus Reiss, 1972 ............................................................................................ 49 Tanytarsus hamatus Reiss, 1972 ............................................................................................ 56 Discussion about Tanytarsus clivosus and Tanytarsus hamatus, including some comments on the European Tanytarsus chinyensis and the Neotropical Tanytarsus riopreto species groups ................................................................................................................................................. 63 Tanytarsus capitatus Sublette & Sasa, 1994 .......................................................................... 67 Tanytarsus guatemalensis Sublette & Sasa, 1994 ................................................................. 71 Tanytarsus pandus Sublette & Sasa, 1994 ............................................................................. 74 Tanytarsus hastatus Sublette & Sasa, 1994 ........................................................................... 80 Tanytarsus limneticus Sublette, 1964 .................................................................................... 88 Tanytarsus rhabdomantis (Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino, 1991) ........................................... 95 Nimbocera patagonica Reiss, 1972 ....................................................................................... 99 Discussion about Nimbocera patagonica, Tanytarsus limneticus and Tanytarsus rhabdomantis ....................................................................................................................... 107 iv Should Nimbocera be considered a non-valid genus? ......................................................... 109 Tanytarsus marauia Sanseverino, Wiedenbrug & Fittkau, 2002 ........................................ 111 Tanytarsus revolta Sanseverino, Wiedenbrug & Fittkau, 2002 ........................................... 115 Tanytarsus waika Sanseverino, Wiedenbrug & Fittkau, 2002 ............................................ 118 Tanytarsus xingu Sanseverino, Wiedenbrug & Fittkau, 2002 ............................................. 122 Discussion about Tanytarsus marauia, Tanytarsus revolta, Tanytarsus waika and Tanytarsus xingu, members of the marauia species group .................................................................... 126 Tanytarsus amazonicus spec. nov. ....................................................................................... 127 Tanytarsus friburgensis spec. nov. ...................................................................................... 134 Tanytarsus digitatus spec. nov. ............................................................................................ 138 Tanytarsus jacaretingensis spec. nov. ................................................................................. 142 Tanytarsus monospinosus Ekrem & Reiss, 1999 ................................................................. 147 Tanytarsus tumultuarius Ekrem & Reiss, 1999 ................................................................... 149 Tanytarsus rinihuensis Reiss, 1972 ..................................................................................... 151 Tanytarsus pseudorinihuensis spec. nov. ............................................................................. 159 Tanytarsus pararinihuensis spec. nov. ................................................................................ 163 Tanytarsus ligulatus Reiss, 1972 ......................................................................................... 167 Tanytarsus cf. ligulatus Reiss, 1972 .................................................................................... 175 Tanytarsus paraligulatus Reiss, 1972 .................................................................................. 179 Tanytarsus fastigatus Reiss, 1972 ........................................................................................ 183 Tanytarsus reissi Paggi, 1992 .............................................................................................. 190 Tanytarsus impar Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino, 2004 ........................................................ 194 Tanytarsus magnus Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino, 2004 ..................................................... 195 Tanytarsus curvicristatus Contreras-Lichtenberg, 1988 ...................................................... 198 Discussion concerning the placement of Tanytarsus curvicristatus in the genus Tanytarsus and some comments on the European Tanytarsus signatus van der Wulp and the Australian Tanytarsus liepae Glover ..................................................................................................... 201 Caladomyia alata (Paggi, 1992) comb. nov. ....................................................................... 205 Caladomyia tuberculata (Reiss, 1972) comb. nov. ............................................................. 209 Caladomyia tuberculata (Reiss) and Caladomyia alata (Paggi): some morphological considerations and discussion about their placement in the genus Caladomyia ................. 213 5. Keys .............................................................................................................................. 220-230 5.1. Key to adult males ........................................................................................................ 220 v 5.2. Key to pupae ................................................................................................................ 227 6. Final Discussion .................................................................................................................. 231 7. Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 250 8. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 252 9. References ........................................................................................................................... 253 10. Appendix ...................................................................................................................