IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 5, Issue 03, 2017 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Analytical Study of Physico Chemical Parameters of Ground Water for Industrial Area in Western Region of Vadodara District, Gujarat Mukesh.A.Modi1 Dr. N. J. Shrimali2 1,2Faculty 1,2Department of Civil Engineering 1,2Faculty of Tech. & Engg., The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India Abstract— Vadodara is one of the highest industrialized in the alluvial region between two major perennial rivers districts in Gujarat state of India. Varieties of industries like, named Mahi and Narmada of the state. Reliance Petrochemicals & Oil Refinery, GSFC, Nandesari GIDC and other industrial estates etc are located in and around Vadodara City. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have adversely affected water and air of these areas over last few decades. Mahi and Narmada are the main perennial rivers flowing through the study area while Vishwamitry, Dhadhar and Mini are other important rivers. The present research has been done for the analysis of physical and chemical parameters of ground water for industrial area in western region of Vadodara District. The analysis is carried out for major physical and chemical parameters of pollutants in terms of pH, TDS, Ca+, Mg+, Cl- , NO2-N, NO3-N and NH3-N by using data of open wells, tube wells and piezometers of agencies like Gujarat Water Resources Development Corporation (GWRDC) and Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB). Study of exploratory boreholes reveals the nature of formation of water quality at various depths. The groundwater quality, in general is satisfying potable standards in the study area but it is deteriorated in certain area of western part of alluvial region and in few locations metals like Manganese and Iron are required to be observed. In areas of inherent salinity and also along western part of the district, underlain by alluvium aquifer system hydrologically connected to the Mahi estuary has high TDS in groundwater. Fig. 1: Vadodara district (study area) Key words: Ground water, alluvium aquifer, TDS, pH, In the western region of Vadodara city, the industrial piezometer, GWRDC, GPCB, WQI clusters include chemical and fertilizers, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, Cotton textiles, Machine tools, Rubber & plastic, Glass, Engineering, Tobacco, Fisheries and dairy. I. INTRODUCTION Ground water quality is one of the very important aspects for The known major industries located near Vadodara city are considering water for drinking, agricultural and other uses. IOC, Reliance Petrochemicals (formerly known as IPCL), The sub-surface hydrologic environment has a primary GACL, GSFC, GIPCL and Nandesari chemical industries. influence on groundwater movement and hence pollutants Mineral reserves include dolomite, fluoride, black trap, migrate to the subsurface water. quartz, fluorspar, agate, gravel, marble, graphite, manganese The increasing rate of urbanization, increasing ore and granite. The district has huge reserves of Dolomite and Fluorspar. Fluorite is produced in Kwant taluka. (A report agricultural activity and industrialization has posed many 11 threats to the quality of ground water. In addition to of Industries commissionrate, Govt. of Gujarat, June, contamination from these industries there are also other 2007). Manufacturing plants of several private industry sources of ground water pollution due to partially treated players as well as public sector units such as Gujarat Alkalis waste from seven sewage treatment plants of urban area and and Chemicals Limited (GACL) and Gujarat State Fertilizers fertilizers and pesticides from the agricultural area. The & Chemicals Ltd. (GSFC) are located here. present study analysis is carried out for major physical and chemical parameters of pollutants by monitoring open wells, tube wells and piezometers of study area. II. STUDY AREA LOCATION Vadodara, which used to be known as Baroda, is the third largest city in the Western Indian State of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad and Surat. The latitude of Vadodara is 22.3073 and longitude of Vadodara is 73.1811. The study area located All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 1365 Analytical Study of Physico Chemical Parameters of Ground Water for Industrial Area in Western Region of Vadodara District, Gujarat (IJSRD/Vol. 5/Issue 03/2017/349) III. METHODOLOGY AND DATA FOR ANALYSIS A. Analysis of Physico-chemical parameter Various ground water pollution parameters from GPCB and GWRDC are used for the study analysis. The ground water quality parameters of specific 43 sample locations (from GPCB) of May 2009, covering major industries of western region of the district were used to determine Water Quality Index (WQI) using normal statistical analysis. These parameters are pH, TDS, NO2-N, NO3-N, Fluorides, NH3-N, etc. Also the correlation between the pollution parameters has been carried out looking to the effect of industrial area. In addition, data of 59 sample locations (from GWRDC) during pre-monsoon and post monsoon period (May 2009 and Oct. 2009) of entire Vadodara district were used for study analysis. These groundwater parameters are chloride, calcium and magnesium. The correlation coefficient matrix obtained between the analyzed parameters of ground water quality. Fig. 2: Vadodara district Geomorphology and Geo hydrology map B. Calculation of Water quality Index Source: GSI (Geological Survey of India) WQI has been calculated by following procedure: Nearly 50 % of the area in the district is underlain 1) Each parameters has been assigned a weight wi, by both hard rock formations and soft rock formations. according to its relative importance in the overall quality Ground water occurs under the confined conditions and of water (Table-4). The range of weight assigned for the phreatic condition. The unconfined aquifer is mainly parameter is normally 2 to 5. As per the table, NO3 is developed in area underlain by hard rock formation while assigned 5 which is maximum due to its adverse effect to semi-confined to confined aquifer is extensively developed in ground water quality. 9 area underlain by soft rock formation . The groundwater 2) Then the Relative weight Wi has been calculated as per flows from northeast to southwest direction in the district. the equation given below: 푤푖 푊푖 = 푛 ∑푖=1 푤푖 Where, Wi = Relative weight, wi = Weight of each parameter and n = Number of parameter. 3) Then a quality rating scale (qi) for each parameter is assigned by dividing its concentration in each water sample by its respective standard according to the guidelines of BIS and the result multiplied by 100. 퐶푖 푞푖 = ∗ 100 푆푖 Where, qi = Quality rating, Ci = Concentration of each parameter and Si = Indian drinking water standard for parameter (As per Fig. 3: Satellite image of western region of Vadodara with BIS 10500:1991) th sample locations. 4) Now, Sub index of i parameter SIi has been calculated Source: Google map by multiplying Relative weigh Wi with Quality rating qi as below: 푆퐼푖 = 푊푖. 푞푖 Finally, WQI has been found by summation of SIi : 푊푄퐼 = ∑ 푆퐼푖 Parameters SR Location of wells NO2- NO3- NH3- NO pH TDS Fluorides N N N Bore Well Tilakwada Grampanchayat, Tilakwada. Dist. W1 8.12 486 0.77 0.018 0.47 0 Vadodara B/W conserve chemical, Block No.479, Luna, Ta, Padra, Dist. W2 7.74 748 1.1 0.024 0.78 0.65 Vadodara Tubewell Karakhadi, Gram-panchayat, Ta. Padra, Dist. W3 7.85 1290 1.66 0.026 0.79 0.59 Vadodara. All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 1366 Analytical Study of Physico Chemical Parameters of Ground Water for Industrial Area in Western Region of Vadodara District, Gujarat (IJSRD/Vol. 5/Issue 03/2017/349) B/W Padra Nagarpalika Water Works, Sayajibaug, Padra, Dist. W4 7.98 1420 0.84 0.022 0.88 0.34 Vadodara W5 B/W GIDC Por, Ramangamadi, Dist. Vadodara 7.98 992 0.66 0.011 0.72 0 W6 B/W Varnama, Dist. Vadodara 7.84 732 0.54 0.004 0.7 0 B/W Koyali Grampanchayat Water Works, near Primary W7 7.31 832 0.98 0.03 0.51 0.43 School, Koyali Dist. Vadodara W8 B/W Dashrath Gram-panchayat, Dashrath, Dist. Vadodara 7.13 812 1 0.03 0.93 0.55 B/W Padmala Gram-panchayat Waterworks, Padmala, Dist. W9 7.53 1170 0.92 0.02 0.61 0.37 Vadodara B/W Chhotaudepur, near Refral hospital & CHC, W10 7.47 398 0.64 0.026 0.84 0 Chhotaudepur, Dist: Vadodara B/W Kadipani, Dist:Vadodara W11 7.44 296 0.86 0.042 0.96 0 W12 B/W Kanwant Gram Panchayat,At-Kawant, Dist.Vadodara 7.37 586 0.62 0.014 0.79 0.56 W13 B/W Pavi-Jetpur, Dist. Vadodara 7.55 818 0.44 0.008 0.85 0.38 W14 B/W Bodeli Grampanchayat, Dist. Vadodara 7.51 212 0.38 0.016 0.77 0 W15 B/W Sankheda (Varigruh B.W.No.1), Dist:Vadodara 7.68 318 0.6 0.022 0.69 0.36 B/W Enviro Infra-structure Co. Ltd, Plot 612/B, Umaraya, Ta. W16 7.43 5692 1.6 0.042 0.64 0.61 Padra, Dist. Vadodara W17 B/W Grampanchayat Water Works, Bajwa, Dist. Vadodara 7.36 1342 1.2 0.033 0.65 0.46 B/W Karachiya Grampanchayat Water Works, Karachia, Dist. W18 7.38 972 0.78 0.018 0.6 0.56 Vadodara W19 B/W Dhankuwa’s Chali, Karachia, Dist. Vadodara 7.77 1392 0.89 0.018 0.66 0.43 B/W Chhani Gram-panchayat Water Works, Chhani, Dist. W20 7.15 1292 0.92 0.028 0.55 0.39 Vadodara W21 T/W Shri CN.Patel, Undera Dist. Vadodara 7.69 862 0.8 0.008 0.47 0.28 W22 B/W Undera Gram Panchayat, Dist. Vadodara 7.47 3.98 0.82 0.024 0.48 0.21 W23 B/W Shree TC Padhiyar, Rampura, Ta.