HISTORY'AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF AFRICA SOUTH OF THE ZAMBESI VOL. II. By Dr. G. M. THEAL. SERIES I. HISTORY AND ETHNOGR,APHY OF AFRICA SOUTH OF THE ZAMBESI. FROM THE SETTLEMENT OF THE PORTUGUESE AT SOFALA IN SEPTEMBER, 1505, TO THE CONQUEST OF THE CAPE COLONY BY THE BRITISH IN SEPTEMBER, 1795. VOL. I.-The Portuguese in South Africa from 1505 to 1700. VOL. H.-Is the one in the reader's hands. VOL. III.-Account of the Dutch, Portuguese, Hottentots, and Bantu to September, 1795. SERIES II. HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA SINCE SEPTEMBER, 1795 ' VOL. I., 1795-1828• VOL. II., 1828-1846. VOL. III., 1846-1860. VOL. IV. (The Republics and Bantu States), 1854-1872. VOL. V. (The Remainder of South Africa), 1860-1872• HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF AFRICA SOUTH OF THE ZAMBESI FROM THE SETTLEMENT OF THE PORTUGUESE At SOFALA IN SEPTEMBER 1505 TO THE CONQUEST OF THE CAPE COLONY BY THE BRITISH IN SEPTEMBER 1795, BY GEORGE MCCALL THEAL, LITT.D., LL.D. FOUIG,. M.... a 01' THR ROYAL ACA;DDIV OF SCIENCBS, At.IST&RDAM, CORRESPONDING M&M88.R 0' TH. ROYAL HI$TORICAL SOCIETY, LONDON. BTC., ETC., aTe, .. ou.... y KKK .... OJ' TUB ARCHIVES 011' THB CAPS COLOMY. AltD AT PRBSENT COLONIAL HISTORIOGRAPHBR IN THREE VOLUMES WITH MAPS AND PLATES VOL. II. FOU:NDATlON OF THE CAPE COLONY BY THE DUTCH LONDON SW AN SONNENSCHEIN & <;0.• LIM. 25 High Street, Bloomsbury 1909 An righta n81WlJf!d W. JOLLY & SONS ~lhltttl! lIu" 38 BRIDGE STREET ABERDEEN CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXI. JAN VAN JUEBEElt, COMMANDER, LANDED IN SOUTH AFRICA 7TH APRIL J652, RETIRED 6TH MAY J662. Cause of the greater importance of Table Bay to the Dutch than to the Portuguese.-Presentation of a document to the chamber of Amsterdam, setting forth the advantages to be gained by forming a settlement in Table Valley.-Account of the wreck of the Haarlem.-Deliberations of the directors of the East India Company.-Decision to forin a victualling statioo at the Cape.-Instructions to the skippers of the Dromedar;s, Reiger, and Goede Hooj.-Character and previous occupations of Jan van Riebeek, commander of the expedition. -Instructions of the directors to the commander.-Departure of the expedition from Amsterdam.-Events during the_passage. -Arrival of the expedition in Table Bay.-Condition of Table Valley.-Description of the Hottentots living there and roaming about in the neighbourhood.-Selection of a site for a fort.­ Description of the ground plan of the fort Good Hope.-Land· ing of the Ixpedltion.-quarrels betw~eD the Goringhaiquas and the Goringhaikonas.-Distress of the Europeans.-Arrival of ships with many sick men.-Eft"ecls of the winter rains.­ Account of the sick-visitor Willem Barents Wylant.-Birth of the first Dutch child in South Africa." Page I CHAPTER XXII. MR. VAN RIEBEEK'S ADMINISTRATION-(continued). Abundance of game.-Project of a whale fishery.-Productions of Robben Island.-Inspection of the country back of the DeviPs peak.-Description of forests in the kloofs of the mountain.­ Desertion of four workmen and their adventures.-Commence- vi Contents ment oC gardening in Table Valley.-Voyage oC tbe Goede Hool to Saldanba Bay.-Cattle barter witb tbe Goringbaiquas.-Ac. count of tbe interpreter Harry and bis niece Eva.-Departure of the Goringbaiquas from" tbe neigbbourhood of the Cape.­ Effects of the soutb-east winds.-Productions of the gardens.­ Diet of the workmen.-War between England and the Nethezo. lands.-Condition of the fort Good Hope.-Arrival of ships.­ Trade witb Hottentots.-Damage caused by wild animals.­ Appointment oC tbe first secunde.-Dealings witb a Frencb sbip in Saillanha Bay.-Robbery by Harry and the beachrangers" of the Company's cattle and murder oC one of the berdsmen.­ Unsuccessful pursuit of the robbers.-Discovery of an unknown ore.-Return of the Kaapmans and beachrangers.-Celebration of tbe anniversary of the arrival of the Europeans.-Despatcb of a galiot to St. Helena Cor provisions.-Appointment of tbe second secunde.-Account of the south-eastern coast by a mis­ sionary of tbe Society of Jesus.-Despatcb of a galiot to explore tbe soutb-eastern eoast.-Commencement of trade witb Mada­ gascar.-Arrival of the first Asiatic banished to the Cape.­ Celebration of a day of prayer and thanksgiving.-Conc1usion of peace between England and tbe Netherlands.-Treatment of tbe crews of English sbips... Page 23 CHAPTER XXIII. MR. VAN RIEBEEK'S ADMINISTRATION-(conU",IId). Arrival of a large fleet.-Formation of sealing establishments at Dassen Island and Saldanha Bay.-Introduction of the vine.­ Instructions of tbe directors regarding tbe earlier inbabitants.­ Views of the commander as to tbe best method of dealing witb tbe Hottentots.-Hostile acts of the Goringbaiquas.-Account of tbe first exploring expedition inland.-Return of Harry to the fort.-Renewal of tbe cattle trade.-Bartering expedition of Harry and Corporal Muller.-Arrival of a large Hottentot borde under the chief Gonnema.-Account of the interpreter Doman.-First shipbuilding at the Cape.-Disastrous expedi­ tion to Madagascar .-Allotment of garden ground to married servants of the Company.-Arrangement witb Annetje de boerin.-Completion of a hospitaL-Construction of a jetty.­ Project of Ryklof van Goens to convert the Cape peninsula into an island.-Description of plants and animals introduced.- Contents vii Occupation of the first farm at Rondebosch.-Thefts by Hotten­ tots.-Dealings with Harry........ Efforts to destroy ravenous ani­ mais.-Regulations for the preservation of herbivorous animals. -Outbreak of sickness.-Appointment of day of Casting and prayer.-Constitution of the council of policy.-I'articulars con­ cerning marriages.-Treatment of Christian blacks.-Instruc­ tions regarding the treatment of the crews of foreign ships.-. Conditions under which some of the Company's servants be­ came colonists.-Visit of the commissioner Ryklof van Goens. -Alterations in the conditions.-Appointment of the first burgher councillor Page 4S CHAPTER XXIV. MR. VAN RIEBEEK'S ADMINISTRATIoN-(continued). Names of the first colonists.-Regulations of the commissioner Ryk­ lof van Goens.-Appointment of Roelof de Man as secunde.­ Expedition to Hottentots-Holland.-Information concerning the Hottentots.-Exploration by a party under the leadership of Abraham Gabbema.-Discovery of the Berg river.-Account of various public works.-Exploration by a party under the leader­ ship of Jan van Harwarden.-Discovery of the Little Berg river.-Inspection of the Tulbagh basin.-Importation of slaves from Angola and Guinea.-Desertion of the slaves.-Seizure of Ho~tentots as hostages for the restoration of the slaves.-General panic of the Hottentots.-Arrangements between the Europeans and the Hottentots.-Banishment of Harry to Robben Island. -Opening of trade with the Cochoquas under the chiefOedasoa. -Remonstrances of the farmers against new restrictions.-Price of wheat Page 66 CHAPTER XXV. Mil. VAN RIEBEEK'S ADMINISTRATIoN-(continued). Planting of a vineyard by the commander at Protea.-Introduction of maize.-Appointment of two burgher councillors.-Regula­ tions concerning sheepbreeding.-Instance of great toss of life by scurvy.-Increase in the number of colonists.-Unsuccessful attempt to visit the Namaquas.-Commencement of wine making in South Africa.-ManuCacture of ale.-Enrolment of the burghers as militia.-Constitution of the militia council.- viii , Contt-r.~" Changes in the council of policy.-War with the Hottentot' clans nearest the settlement.-Conspiracy of some soldiers and slaves to seize a vessel In the bay.-Conclusion of peace with the Goringhaiquas and Gorachouquas.-Duties of the secretary to the council.-Wreck of a French ship in Table Bay.-Illicit dealing in cattle.-Manner of conducting trade with the Hotten­ tots.-Traits of Hottentot character.-Search for the fabulous island of St. Helena Nova •••- Page 87 CHAPTER XXVI. MR. VAN RIEBEEK'S ADMINISTRATION-(co1lIinued). Expedition under J~n Danckert in search of Monomotapa.-Explor­ ing expedition under Pieter Cruythof.-Naming of Riebeek's Kasteel.-Discovery of the Namaquas.-Description of the Namaquas.-Exploring expedition under Pieter van Meerhof.­ Efforts of Pieter van der Stael to teach the Cape Hottentots the principles of Christianity.-Exploring expedition under Pieter Everaert.~Feuds of the Hottentots.-Conflicting accounts of the conditiC?n of the settlement.-Appointment of Gerrit van Ham as Mr. Van Riebeek's successor.-Death of Mr. Van Harn at sea.-Appointment' of Zacharias 'Wagenaar as com­ mander.-Disposal of Mr. Van Riebeek's farm.-Arrival of Mr. Wagenaar.-Ceremony of his induction.-Departure of Mr. -'n Riebeek for Batavia.-Condition of the settlement.-:-Privi- ~s of the burghers.-Treatment 'of foreigners.-Anticipations U"ding the olive.-Actual knowledg~ concerning the Hotten- Arrival r-Fabulous accounts of distant, tribes.-Neglect of the Da~ernment to keep a record ofland grants.-Character of Com­ In!'nder Van' Riebeek as delineated in his writings.-Offices Vilich he held after leaving South Africa ; Page log CHAPTER XXVII. ZACHARIAS WAGENAAR, COMMAND,ER, INSTALLED 6TH MAY 1662, RE­ TIRED 27TH SEPTEMBER 1666. Character of Commander Wagenaar.-Deputation from Hottentot clans to the new commander.-Visit of the commander to the Cochoquas.-Account of the Hessequas.-Exploration by a party under Pieter Cruythof.-Expedition under Admiral De Lairesse against Mozambique.-Intercourse with Madagascar.-Explora­ tion by a party under Jonas de la Guerre.-Occupation of the Contents ix island of Mauritius as a dependency of the Cape settlement. -Account o( George Frederick Wreede.-outbreak of war between England and the Netherlands.-Resolution