September 24, 2013 Jim Newman Linnean Solutions Agenda: • Key Takeaways • Research Process • Strategies for Buildings • Municipal Strategies • Next Steps Key Takeaways The Hazards are Real They are Here, Now Key Takeaways Act Now There are many strategies to make buildings more resilient that are cheap and easy. Get these actions into plans now and plan ahead for more expensive work.. Structure of the Report • Section 1 is a look at the context of Boston, for buildings, community, and ecosystems, Context with a focus on the existing building stock of Boston and known hazards. Key References • Section 2 describes the key references for the study and resources that were the most helpful. Strategies for Building • Section 3 lists strategies for improving the Owners resilience of existing buildings. These are presented as ‘tear sheets’ or key take-aways Strategies for the City with references to specific instructions. • Section 4 surveys municipal strategies that other cities and municipalities have Next Steps implemented for enhancing resilience. • Section 5 outlines potential next steps. The appendices provide reference material. Research Process • Review of Reports – Existing resilience initiatives from a global selection of reports. – Hazards to Boston were identified through hazard mitigation plans and a Flooding in Boston thorough literature review. Flooding in Allston Neighborhood • Mapping and Interviews – Interviews with primary stakeholders including the real estate, healthcare, municipal and environmental communities. – Hazards analysis for flooding in Boston using NOAA’s SLOSH model. – Building stock mapping, neighborhood analysis, and high resolution building vulnerability analysis. Hazards and Buildings • Hazards: – Flood, Hurricanes, Severe Storms, Tornados, Winter Storms, Temperature Extremes, Earthquakes, Landslides, Brush Fires, Dam Failure • Distilled 11 building categories – Categories based on building code, land use classification, vulnerabilities to hazards – Focus today on Mid and High Rise Commercial and Laboratory Multi Hazard Approach • Flooding Potential, Many of the strategies that are designed to • Hurricanes, meet one set of • Wind Power classes, hazards also work well • Impervious Surface (Heat Island Effect), for other types of hazards. • Vulnerable Buildings, • Vulnerable Populations Strategies that deal with multiple hazards Flooding (blue color) combined with Wind Hazards (tan color) in Boston should be higher Flooding and wind hazards overlayed priority. Allston Buildings Vulnerable to Flooding Strategies Organized by overall strategies relevant to different building types Addressing cross cutting concerns • Strategy Categories Flood protection – General Actions Onsite water – Site management High winds – Building Structure Rising Temperatures – Building Enclosure Places of Refuge – Building Systems Utility outages – Building Operations – People Strategies: Assess Vulnerability and Risk Strategy Page Organization: • Strategy statement and rationale • Illustration depicting physical improvement • Reference to specific action descriptions • Reference lists to resources Strategies: Strategies for Resilient Buildings in Boston CreateGENERAL Places ACTIONS of Refuge Design ‘Places of CREATE PLACES OF REFUGE Refuge’ that are safe, Facilities designated as shelters are given the responsibility We are beginning to think of designating one building within comfortable, multi- of protecting the lives of those taking refuge within them. a group as a “Safe Haven” for the community, instead of just Yet damage to these “shelters” or “hardened areas” continues one room. to be observed, which undermines public con!dence. Often, use spaces for people there is a general lack of understanding of e"ects of expos- Edward Connolly, New Ecology ing buildings not designed to provide life-safety protec- tion from extreme-wind events. A variety of di"erent types stay while help of “shelters” that are used before, during, and after storm events, provide di"erent levels of protection. If the building or structure selected for use as a shelter cannot withstand arrives. the e"ects of hurricane winds, the results can be devastating. 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Strategies: Manage Heat Gain Strategies for Resilient Buildings in Boston BUILDING ENCLOSURE With their layered MANAGE HEAT GAIN transparency, connection to the out With their layered transparency, connection to the out- doors, and daylighting—maybe even higher productiv- ity—all-glass buildings have their appeal. But the energy doors, and penalty of such buildings cannot be ignored. Building Green, 2010 daylighting, all-glass Exterior shading at the Burton Barr Central Library in Phoenix. (Photo: Alex Wilson) buildings have their appeal. STRATEGIES x hƐĞ ĞŶĞƌŐLJ ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ ǁŝŶĚŽǁƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŚĂĚŝŶŐ devicesƚŽŵĂdžŝŵŝnjĞƚŚĞŝŶƐƵůĂƟŶŐƋƵĂůŝƟĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ building openings. But the energy and o &ŽƌŚŽŵĞŽǁŶĞƌƐ E!cient Window Collaborativeϭ o &ŽƌůĂƌŐĞĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ passive survivability E!cient Windows Collaborative Ϯ o &ŽƌĂůůďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ͕ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐ penalty of such ŝŶƚŚĞh͘^͘ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĞƌŐLJ͛Ɛ,ŝŐŚ Performance Windows Volume Purchase Program3 buildings cannot be x hƐĞƚŚĞƌŵĂůŵĂƐƐ͕ŽƌďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐƚŚĂƚĂďƐŽƌďŚĞĂƚĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘ o ŽƌƌĞĐƚƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƌŵĂůŵĂƐƐŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƐŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐďLJĂǀĞƌĂŐŝŶŐĚĂLJͬŶŝŐŚƚ;ĚŝƵƌŶĂůͿĞdžƚƌĞŵĞƐ͘ ignored. dŚŝƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂŶĚƌĞĚƵĐĞƐĞŶĞƌŐLJĐŽƐƚƐ͘ Thermal Mass- Yourhome.gov.au4 YƵŽƚĞ͗tŝůƐŽŶ͕ůĞdž͘ZĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐƚŚĞůůͲ'ůĂƐƐƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐEĞǁƐ͘:ƵŶĞ͕ϮϬϭϬ͘ ϭ ĞƐŝŐŶ'ƵŝĚĂŶĐĞĨŽƌEĞǁtŝŶĚŽǁƐŝŶĂŽůĚůŝŵĂƚĞ͘ĸĐŝĞŶƚtŝŶĚŽǁƐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ͘ϮϬϭϯ͘KŶůŝŶĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚ ϳͬϭϱͬϮϬϭϯ͘ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚǁŝŶĚŽǁƐ͘ŽƌŐͬĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚƐͬŽůĚĞƐŝŐŶ'ƵŝĚĞ͘ƉĚĨ Ϯ ŶĞƌŐLJĸĐŝĞŶƚtŝŶĚŽǁƐĨŽƌDŝĚͲΘ,ŝŐŚͲƌŝƐĞZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ͘ĸĐŝĞŶƚtŝŶĚŽǁƐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ͘ϮϬϭϭ͘KŶůŝŶĞ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚϳͬϭϱͬϮϬϭϯ͘ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚǁŝŶĚŽǁƐ͘ŽƌŐͬDŝĚ,ŝŐŚZŝƐĞZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů͘ƉĚĨ 3 ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁϭ͘ĞĞƌĞ͘ĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘ŐŽǀͬďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐͬǁŝŶĚŽǁƐǀŽůƵŵĞƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞͬ ϰ ϰ͘ϵdŚĞƌŵĂůDĂƐƐͲƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͛ƐŐƵŝĚĞƚŽĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůůLJƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞŚŽŵĞƐ͘zŽƵƌŚŽŵĞ͘ŐŽǀ͘ĂƵǁĞďƉĂŐĞ͘>ĂƐƚĐĐĞƐƐĞĚ ϳͬϭϬͬϮϬϭϯŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘LJŽƵƌŚŽŵĞ͘ŐŽǀ͘ĂƵͬƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůͬĨƐϰϵ͘Śƚŵů Building Resilience in Boston 65 July 2013 Strategies: Manage Heat Gain Strategy Page Organization: • Use energy-efficient windows • Strategy statement and and shading rationale Efficient Window Collaborative • Illustration depicting physical • Use thermal mass, or building improvement materials that absorb heat • Reference to specific action energy descriptions Thermal Mass – YourHome.gov.au • Reference lists to resources Strategies: Manage Heat Gain Active/Passive systems - Natural Ventilation • Solar chimney Many of the strategies • Airflow reverses during the winter that are designed to meet one set of hazards also work well for other types of hazards Manitoba Hydro Place, Winnipeg Manitoba 2009 Strategies: Manage Heat Gain Passive systems – Building shading • Significantly decreases heat load Many of the strategies that are designed to • Creates areas of refuge meet one set of hazards also work well for other types of hazards Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Stanford University Palo Alto CA 2001 Strategies: Hard Infrastructure to Prevent Flooding Strategies for Resilient Buildings in Boston Many existing SITE buildings located in HARD INFRASTRUCTURE TO PREVENT FLOODING flood zones have “Many existing buildings located in !ood zones have adjacent street grades with elevations below the Design Flood Elevation. adjacent street Buildings often have exterior perimeter walls and egress doors at the property lines, presenting signi"cant challenges to build- ing owners that wish to voluntarily incorporate dry !oodproo"ng grades with (!ood barriers and/or shileds) around the building perimeter. Building Resiliency Task Group, p. 2 elevations below the Design Flood Barriers can be e!ective for re-directing "ood waters around residential and industrial proper- ties. (Image: Marcus Springer.) Elevation, with perimeter walls and egress doors at the STRATEGIES property lines, x ƐƐĞƐƐŇŽŽĚͲďĂƐĞĚǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJĂŶĚƌŝƐŬƚŽƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ Homeowner’s Guide to Retro!tting Properties, 4-11 x ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƐŝĚĞǁĂůŬŽƌĞdžƚĞƌŝŽƌŇŽŽĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ presenting significant o /ĨĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞŽŶƐŝƚĞ͕ƵƐĞƐŝĚĞǁĂůŬŇŽŽĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĞŶƚĂŝůƐƚŚĞƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶŽĨĚƌLJ