THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/21816 SHARE Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions DETAILS 80 pages | 8.5 x 11 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-37904-5 | DOI 10.17226/21816 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee to Review the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions; Space Studies Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; European Space Sciences Committee; FIND RELATED TITLES European Science Foundation Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions Committee to Review the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions Space Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences European Space Sciences Committee European Science Foundation Strasbourg, France Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This study is based on work supported by the Contract NNH11CD57B between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and work supported by the Contract RFP/IPL-PTM/PA/fg/306.2014 between the European Science Foundation and the European Space Agency. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of any agency that provided support for the project. Cover: An artist’s impression of NASA’s Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) lander on the surface of Mars. InSight is scheduled to be launched in March 2016 and it carries instruments built by NASA, the German Space Agency (DLR), and French Space Agency (CNES). The U.S.-built spacecraft bus is seen after deploying DLR’s mole and heat flow probe (left) and CNES’ seismometer (right). The type of geological analysis performed to certify that InSight will no access a Special Region is a model that can be used by future Mars missions. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech. 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Copyright 2015 is administered by the National Academy of Sciences on behalf of the co-publishers, the National Academies Press in the United States and the European Science Foundation in Europe. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was estab lished in 1970 under the char- ter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-acade- mies.org. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions The European Space Sciences Committee (ESSC) is the European Science Foundation’s (ESF’s) strategic board on space research. It aims to promote space science related activities, to facilitate the definition and the organization of space research programs in Europe, and to encourage the coordination of space research in concert with the European Space Agency, the European Commission and European Union, European scientific associations, national space agencies, and scientific organiza- tions of other countries concerned with space-related research. Following the establishment in 1974 under the auspices of the UK Royal Society of the “Provisional Space Science Board for Europe,” the ESSC was established in 1975 as a Standing Committee of the newly created European Science Foundation. The ESSC had grown out of the need for a collaborative effort that would ensure European space scientists made their voices heard on the other side of the Atlantic, in an era when successive Apollo and space science missions had thrust the idea of space exploration into the collective conscious for the first time. The ESSC remains just as relevant today as it acts as an interface with the European Space Agency (ESA), the European Com- mission, national space agencies, and ESF Member Organisations on space-related aspects. The mission of the ESSC is to provide an independent European voice on European space research and policy. It is the ESF’s Strategic Board on space research. Based in Strasbourg, France, ESF was set up in 1974 as an independent, non-governmental, non-profit organisation to help its Member Organisations collaborate internationally on research programmes. ESF helps meet this objective by providing administrative, management and coordination services to independent scientific boards/committees and collaborative scientific projects, whilst harnessing in-depth knowledge of the European Commission and associated research communities. Now after 40 years of success in stimulating European research through its networking and coordination activities, ESF is undergoing a major change of focus. It is concentrating on activities designed to support and sustain the funding and conduct of scientific research across Europe. This is a natural evolution of its traditional role, since the aim remains to promote scientific developments through collaborative actions, but with the emphasis shifting to helping research funding organisations carry out their decision making processes. ESF’s aim is to serve and strengthen science by exploiting its assets to build and develop an organisation that is self-financing and independent, but at the same time non-profit and customer-service oriented. To this end it will be working alongside lead- ing science funding institutions as well as national funding bodies. ESF currently has 66 member organisations in 29 countries. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE MEPAG REPORT ON MARS SPECIAL REGIONS PETRA RETTBERG, German Aerospace Center, Chair ALEXANDRE ANESIO, University of Bristol VICTOR BAKER, University of Arizona JOHN A. BAROSS, University of Washington, Seattle SHERRY L. CADY, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory CHRISTINE M. FOREMAN, Montana State University ERNST HAUBER, German Aerospace Center GIAN GABRIELE ORI, Universita d’Annunzio DAVID PEARCE, Northumbria University NILTON RENNÓ, University of Michigan GARY RUVKUN, Harvard Medical School BIRGIT SATTLER, University of Innsbruck MARK P. SAUNDERS, NASA (retired) DIRK WAGNER, German Research Center for Geosciences Helmholtz Centre Potsdam FRANCES WESTALL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Staff EMMANOUIL DETSIS, Science Officer, European Science Foundation DAVID H. SMITH, Senior Staff Officer, Space Studies Board NICOLAS