MORAL VALUES AS SEEN IN HARRY MORGAN’S CHARACTERISTICS IN TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT BY ERNEST HEMINGWAY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By AGUS TITO Student Number: 014214094 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2007 MORAL VALUES AS SEEN IN HARRY MORGAN’S CHARACTERISTICS IN TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT BY ERNEST HEMINGWAY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By AGUS TITO Student Number: 014214094 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2007 i ii iii I now that I was born And I know that I’ll die The in between is mine I am mine (Taken from song lyrics “I Am Mine” by Pearl Jam) THIS THESIS IS DEDICATED TO MY SELF MY BELOVED PARENTS AND SISTERS MY FRIENDS iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would really like to express my greatest gratitude to Almighty God who always accompanies me. Due to His blessings and mercy I could finally accomplish this thesis. He always guides me in good and bad times. I would like to thank my happy family as they always love me and support me in every step of life. It is great blessing to have them all in this life, and I would like to thank them: my father, Pak Peno, my mother, Bu Harti, and my sisters, Lia and Tina. I would like to thank my major advisor, Dra. Th. Enny Anggraini, M.A., for her guidance, patience, and sharing so that I was able to complete this thesis. And also for my co-advisor, Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum. They really have supported and guided me through the accomplishment of this thesis. I also thank Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd., M.Hum for her advice, suggestions and support. I also express my gratitude to all of my lecturers who have taught and given me useful knowledge during my study in Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. I also would like to thank my best friends who made me experience such a wonderful friendship; climber crew: Bang Udin, Mas Iko, Mba’ Lia, Mba’ Fani, Mba’ Dedek, Vera, Rusman, Philip, Kang Bayu, Kang Yudha, Yanuar and Kak Santi who have accompanied me climbing the mountains. Jogodayoh crew: Wawan, Jacky, Wiwin, Natalia, Septa, Lian, Sisca, Ratih and Anell. Angkringan Agung Fans Club: Kowok, Doni, Moko, Yoga, Suko, Danang and Kang Agung. v H.8 community: Mas Mbodo, Mas Thesis, Mas Cipto, Mas Wicak, Denny and Aan. PS crew: Dhanny, Fembri “Vokolos”, Eko “Oke”, Pey-Pey and Endang. Fishing crew: Aan “Gondrong” and Amrih “Si Sri”. English Letters crew: Neo”Yongkie”, Vembri “Genjik”, Fariz “Bola”, Yoseph “Pukon”, Wawan “Kardiman”, Ikhsan “Kothos”, Hari “Sinyo”, Deni “Item”, Petrus “Sepep”, Wisnu “Slash”, Garry, Freddy “Kupret”, Sigit “Kunthet”, Galih, Bertus, Sandi, Ian, Bimo, Sinda, Adek, Er, Dewi and so on. I thank them for being my incredible memories and part of my life. For my imaginary friends: Che Guevara and Thom Yorke for giving me the imagination in my life. Also for my best friends: Neovarsena Yongkie, Arif “Berlin”, Pahlevi, Heru “Timbul” and Agung for their sharing of everything and support in doing my thesis. I am aware that there are many people who have not been mentioned yet, and I thank to them for coloring my life. Agus Tito vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE OF TITLE ………………................……………………………… i PAGE OF APPROVAL …………....…………………………….............. ii PAGE OF ACCEPTANCE…………………………………………………iii PAGE OF DEDICATION………………………………………………… iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………....……………………………. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………...………………………….. vii ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………. viii ABSTRAK …………………………………………………………………ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………….. 1 A. Background of the Study ................................................................ 1 B. Problem Formulation…………………………………………….. 5 C. Objectives of the Study……………………………………………5 D. Benefit of the Study……………………………………………….5 E. Definition of Terms……………………………………………… 6 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ……………………………..8 A. Review of Related Studies………………………………………... 8 B. Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Character and Characterization……………………….. 14 2. Theory on Moral…………………………………………………. 17 3. Theory of Friendship………………………………………………19 4. Theory of Loyalty………………………………………………….23 5. Theory of Love…………………………………………………… 24 6. Theory on Message………………………………………………. 26 C. Theoretical Framework ………………………………………….. 27 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY…………………………………… 29 A. Object of the Study……………………………………………… 29 B. Approach of the Study…………………………………………… 29 C. Method of the Study…………………………………………… 30 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS……………………………………… …….. 33 A. The Characteristics of Harry Morgan.……………………………. 33 B. Moral Values through Harry Morgan Character………….. …… 47 C. The Messages from the Novel……………………………………..55 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ……………………………………… 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………… 61 vii ABSTRACT Agus Tito. (2007). Moral Values as Seen in Harry Morgan’s Characteristics in To Have and Have Not by Ernest Hemingway. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University. This study is concerned with the novel entitled To Have and Have Not written by Ernest Hemingway which was first published in 1937. The novel tells the story of Harry Morgan who is a sailor and his struggle in making the living for his family. The problem formulations of this study are: How is Harry Morgan’s characteristics described in the story and what are the moral values revealed through Harry Morgan’s characteristics and also what are the messages from the novel. The study discusses the characteristics of Harry Morgan; the moral values revealed through Harry Morgan’s characteristics and the messages from the novel. The primary source is the novel itself. Meanwhile, the secondary sources are some relevant and supporting references. The moral-philosophical approach would be appropriate to analyze the problem together with the theories. The theory of characterization of M.J. Murphy is applied in this study to analyze Harry Morgan’s characteristics. The theory of friendship of Baron, Byrne, Beebe, Murel and Louis, the theory of love of Hauck and Formm, the theory of loyalty of Encyclopedia Britannica, the theory of moral values by Chambers are used to analyze the moral values in Harry Morgan’s characteristics, the theory message of Beatty and Hunter used to analyze the messages from the novel. The writer found out that Ernest Hemingway uses character as seen by another, speech, conversation of others and thought in describing Harry Morgan’s characteristics. The writer found out the characteristics of Harry Morgan are tough, strong, smart, conceited, greedy, loves his family and loyal to his wife. Harry Morgan does some moral actions identified by the writer as moral values which can enrich our lives. Harry Morgan shows that friendship, love and loyalty are moral values. The writer also found some messages from the story that related to moral: we should support our friends who are in a trouble, love our family, loyal to our wife, have courage to do anything in difficult situation to feed or save our family, we should not do the bad habit because it is difficult to stop this habit, we should not be greedy because we can lose our precious life if we are greedy and the bad effect if we do bad things. viii ABSTRAK Agus Tito. (2007). Moral Values as Seen in Harry Morgan’s Characteristics in To Have and Have Not by Ernest Hemingway. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University. Skripsi ini mengenai novel yang berjudul To Have and Have Not yang ditulis oleh Ernest Hemingway dan diterbitkan pertama kali pada tahun 1937. Novel ini mengisahkan tentang seorang pelaut yang bernama Harry Morgan dan perjuangannya dalam menghidupi keluarganya. Rumusan masalah skripsi ini adalah bagaimana Harry Morgan digambarkan, nilai moral apa saja yang terdapat pada karakteristik dari Harry Morgan serta pesan moral apa saja yang terdapat dalam novel tersebut. Skripsi ini membahas tentang karakteristik dari Harry Morgan, nilai moral yang nampak pada karakteristik dari Harry Morgan, serta pesan apa saja yang terdapat pada novel tersebut. Sumber utama dalam studi ini adalah novel tersebut sedangkan sumber- sumber pendukung diambil dari sumber-sumber yang mendukung dan sesuai. Pendekatan filosofi-moral dengan teori-teori penunjang dianggap cocok untuk menganalisa masalah. Teori karakteristik milik M.J. Murphy digunakan dalam studi ini untuk menganalisa karakteristik Harry Morgan. Teori persahabatan milik Baron, Byrne, Beebe, Murel dan Louis, teori cinta milik Hauck dan Fromm, teori kesetiaan milik Encyclopedia Britanica, teori nilai moral milik Chambers digunakan untuk menganalisa nilai-nilai moral pada karakteristik Harry Morgan. teori pesan milik Beatty dan Hunter digunakan untuk menganalisa pesan apa saja yang terdapat pada novel tersebut. Penulis menemukan bahwa Ernest Hemingway dalam menggambarkan karakteristik dari Harry Morgan, ia menggunakan cara karakter yang dilihat oleh tokoh lain (character as seen by another), cara berbicara (speech), percakapan tokoh-tokoh (conversation of others) dan pikiran tokoh yang bersangkutan maupun tokoh lainnya (thought). Penulis menemukan beberapa karakteristik Harry Morgan yaitu; Harry Morgan adalah sesorang kuat, pintar, tamak, cinta terhadap keluarganya dan setia kepada istri. Penulis menemukan beberapa karakteristik Harry Morgan yaitu; Harry Morgan adalah seorang yang kuat, pintar,