Lal wa Sar Jangal Comprehensive WASH Needs Assessment Comprehensive WASH Needs Assessment Lal wa Sar Jangal District Ghor Province, Afghanistan September/October 2016 Prepared by: Rosanna Keam, WASH Specialist, WV Afghanistan Supported by: Shoaib Wasiqi (M&E Officer), Anley Mihret Melesse (M&E and Program Quality Coordinator), Faraidoon Osmani (Associate Program Officer), Mojtaba Esmatzada (M&E Advisor), Fairadoon Barekzay (Badghis Zonal Manager) Dated: 5th December 2016 1 Lal wa Sar Jangal Comprehensive WASH Needs Assessment Acknowledgments First and foremost, WV Afghanistan would like to acknowledge the community members, community and religious leaders, and partners who took part in the assessment. In particular, WV Afghanistan wishes to acknowledge the generous support of several organizations including Catholic Relief Services in Lal for providing office space and services during the field data collection phase of the assessment, Help International for providing Ms. Sima Soja and Mr. Zia Jafari to support the initial scoping and data collection for the assessment, and DACAAR for conducting water quality testing at survey sites. WV Afghanistan would like to recognize the technical Monitoring and Evaluation expertise of Shoaib Wasiqi (M&E Officer), Anley Mihret Melesse (M&E and Program Quality Coordinator), Mojtaba Esmatzada (M&E Advisor), and Abdullaq Zia (external M&E contractor) for their support for phases 2 and 3 of the assessment. WV Afghanistan also wishes to recognize Faraidoon Osmani, Faraidoon Barekzay, Rosanna Keam and Dwain Hindriksen for providing continuous oversight of the assessment process, as well as Ahmad Seyar Haqmal for providing technical input during the initial scoping phase of the assessment, and the Mojtaba Niknam for providing security and logistical support during the assessment design and implementation. Finally, WV Afghanistan would also like to thank WVUS for the financial support for this assessment, as well as Brian Hilton, Food Security Advisor from WV Australia for providing technical insight during the initial scoping phase of the assessment. 2 Lal wa Sar Jangal Comprehensive WASH Needs Assessment Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Background ........................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Population ........................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Environment and hydrological context ............................................................................................... 9 2.3.1. River Basins ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.2. Climate and Precipitation.......................................................................................................... 12 2.3.3. Environmental Concerns ........................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) ........................................................................................... 13 2.5 Education .......................................................................................................................................... 16 2.6 Economy ............................................................................................................................................ 16 2.7 Health ................................................................................................................................................ 16 2.8 Protection ......................................................................................................................................... 19 2.9 Agriculture, Livelihoods and Energy ................................................................................................. 19 2.10 Security and Accessibility ................................................................................................................ 19 2.11 Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................. 20 2.12 Partners and Governance Structures .............................................................................................. 21 3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Qualitative Study ............................................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Quantitative Study ............................................................................................................................ 24 3.3 Sampling Strategy ............................................................................................................................. 24 4. Limitations ............................................................................................................................................... 26 5. Results & Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 27 5.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 27 5.2 Water ................................................................................................................................................ 29 5.3 Sanitation .......................................................................................................................................... 41 5.4 Hygiene ............................................................................................................................................. 45 5.5 Health ................................................................................................................................................ 48 5.6 Environment, Food Security & Livelihoods ....................................................................................... 53 5.7 Education .......................................................................................................................................... 62 3 Lal wa Sar Jangal Comprehensive WASH Needs Assessment 5.8 Cross-cutting themes ........................................................................................................................ 64 5.8.1 Gender ....................................................................................................................................... 64 5.8.2 Peacebuilding & Governance ..................................................................................................... 65 5.8.3 Child Protection ......................................................................................................................... 65 5.8.4 Disasters ..................................................................................................................................... 65 6. Conclusions & Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 67 7. Sources .................................................................................................................................................... 71 8. Appendices .............................................................................................................................................. 72 8. Annex A ................................................................................................................................................... 73 4 Lal wa Sar Jangal Comprehensive WASH Needs Assessment Acronyms ACF Action Contre La Faim ACTD Afghanistan Centre for Training and Development ANSF Afghan National Security Forces AOG Armed Opposition Group ARCS Afghan Red Crescent Society CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation CRS Catholic Relief Services CSO Central Statistics Office DACAAR Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees DAIL Department of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock DRRD Department of Rural Rehabilitation and Development ETP Evapotranspiration Potential FGD Focus Group Discussion IAM International Assistance Mission JMP Joint Monitoring Programme KIG Key Informant Group KII Key Informant Interview LEPCO Leprosy Control MRRD Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development MUNCH Maternal and Under five Nutrition and Child Health NGO Non-Governmental Organization NSP National Solidarity Program ODF Open Defecation Free ORS Oral Rehydration Salts ORT Oral Rehydration Therapy PHAST Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal SDG Sustainable Development Goal TDS Total Dissolved Solids UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund VIP Ventilated Improved Pit WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WHO World Health Organization WV World Vision WVA World Vision Afghanistan 5 Lal wa Sar Jangal Comprehensive WASH Needs Assessment 1. Introduction In September and October 2016, WV Afghanistan