JOURNAL $3.50 ■ COLD WARRIORS OF TRADE—Doral Cooper ■ THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY—Robert Pollard ■ THE U. S. - MEXICO FTA—Susan Kaufman Purcell ■ AMERICA INC.—Edward J. Markey DARE YOU MOVE IT? They represent the memories of a lifetime. Some very valuable, but all important and precious to you. To move, or store them, you need a company you can TRUST. Years of meeting and exceeding State Department requirements and 48 years refining our skills in packing, moving, and secure storage have given us pride you can trust. READ FOR YOURSELF .. about our Top Hat Service Hundreds of original letters from INTERSTATE satisfied customers available at EXCELLENCE IN MOVING & STORAGE our office. 5801 Rolling Road Springfield, VA 22152 1-800-336-4533, Ext 233 or (703) 569-2121, Ext 233 Your Position in the World Requires the Very Best Coverage... 11 Thank you for your excellent service these past four years. I have always recommended your company to everyone arriving at post overseas. Your reputable business practices are greatly appreciated.11 Clements & Company Insures it. C E CLEMENTS & COMPANY Specialists in Insurance for the Foreign Service at Home and Abroad 1730 K Street, NW, Suite 701, Washington, DC 20006 Phone (202) 872-0060 Fax (202) 466-9064 Telex 64514 Cable Clements/Washington AFSA VIEWS ON OFFICIAL TRAVEL AMERICAN FOREIGN How various federal employees travel officially was being scrutinized from a SERVICE ASSOCIATION number of different angles this spring. As our national press pored over Governing Board presidential Chief of Staff John Sununu’s use of Air Force Gulfstream jets for mixed President. THEODORE S. WILKINSON State Vice President: RICHARD MILTON missions around the United States, the Washington Times zeroed in on a 10-day AID Vice President: PAULA BRYAN trip to the Paris air show in June, for which the prospective bill was said to be close USIA Vice President VANCE PACE Retiree Vice President: CHARLES A. SCHMITZ to $1 million Meanwhile, there was controversy within Foreign Service channels Secretary: MICHAEL COTTER about the requirement that employees use discounted airline fares for all their own Treasurer: MICHAEL DAVILA State Representatives: PURNELL DELLY official travel. And the Department of State’s historian published a most interesting DAVID T. JONES anthology on the Foreign Travels of the Secretary’ of State, 1866-1990. THOMAS MILLER SANDRA ODOR The White House is examining Mr. Sununu’s travel to ensure it meets ethical HARRY GALLAGHER standards, and there’s no reason for us to comment on it, except to note that budget AID Representatives: HELENE KAUFMAN USIA Representative: BERNARD HENSGEN austerity can be effective only if it’s observed across the board. Retired Representatives: JOHN J. HARTER Employee travel: The issue for Foreign Service people is avoiding missteps that L, BRUCE LAINGEN can cost them dearly during travel on temporary duty or between assignments. The DAVID SCHNEIDER Staff controversy was fueled by an article in the official State Department Newsletter Executive Director: SABINE SISK bringing home that when employees deviate from the department’s cut-rate Business Department contract fare arrangements with specified airlines, the differentials they may have Controller: CATHY FREGELETTE Executive Assistants- SANDRA DOUGLAS. to pay can mount rapidly into thousands of dollars. Furthermore, each individual STACEY M. CUMMINGS is responsible for his or her own travel, even if given incorrect advice about the Administrative Assistant CHAMPA JARMl L Lef>a I Services department’s often complex tangle of contracts. This stirred a hornet’s nest of General Counsel: TURN A R. LEWIS predictable questions, such as why the department hires travel clerks at all. State’s Legal Assistant: MARK W. SMITH Law Clerk: CHRISTIE E-LOON WOO administrative bureau has now sent a conciliatory circular message offering Member Sendees patience and counsel. But the facts are the facts. Personal responsibility for travel Director: CHRIS BAZAR Representative: CATHERINE SCHMITZ is in federal regulations, and no single agency can alter that. AFSA is looking for DEBORAH M. LEAHY ways to enhance the flexibility of the “city pair” contract system, but we cannot Membership Semces Director. JANET L. HEDRICK expect any basic change in the current system for official travel by foreign affairs Assistant IRENE LOWY agency employees. Professional Issues- RICHARD S. THOMPSON Travels with the secretary: If all of this leads you to ask yourself, “Is this trip Congressional Liaison: ROBERT M. BEERS necessary?”, the historian’s new survey suggests that modem secretaries of state KICK WEISS and their entourages might well ask the same question. Assuming that the historian Scholarship-Programs: GAIL VOLK Outreach Program didn’t overlook anything, no U.S. secretary of State traveled abroad on official Director: CHARLES SCHMITZ business between 1869 and 1905. Secretaries Root and Knox made 23 official trips Outreach Coordinator. JASON L. FELDMAN Outreach Assistant: CHRISTOPH DHEIN in the next eight years, all but one in this hemisphere. Dean Acheson made 22 trips The American Foreign Service Association, founded in 1924. is the professional association of the Foreign in fouryears, mostly now to Europe, but the first real quantum leap came with John Service and the official representative of all Foreign Foster Dulles, who managed to travel abroad on the average more than once a Service employees in the Department of State and the Agency for International Dev elopment under the terms month over the next six years, with destinations in eveiy corner of the globe. of the Foreign Service Act of 1980. Active or Retired membership in AFSA is open to all current or retired Secretary Kissinger set new records with some 214 countries visited in three and employees of the U.S. foreign affairs agencies. Associ¬ a half years, or nearly five countries per month. George Shultz maintained nearly ate membership is open to persons having an interest in or close association with the Foreign Service. Annual the same pace over six years, and James Baker appeared to be operating at a pace dues: Active Members—$80-165; Retired Members— §43-55; Associate Members—$45. All AFSA members equal to Kissinger’s in his first 20 months, when the historian’s study ends. are members of the Foreign Service Club. Please note: AFSA dues and Legislative Action Fund donations may Far be it from us to suggest that travel by foreign ministers should or even could be deductible as an ordinary and necessary business be rolled back to the practice of the last century. Indeed, there’s a great deal to be expense for federal income tax purposes. Scholarship and AFSA Fund donations may lie deductible as said for forcing the definition and resolution of key issues by scheduling meetings charitable contributions. of ministers. But every once in a while we should count the costs—not just in time AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION. 2101 E Street NW, Washington. D.C. 20037. Executive offices, mem¬ and money, but in wear and tear on the ministers themselves, and in opportunities bership. professional issues, scholarship programs, insurance programs, JOURNAL offices: (202) 338-4045. foregone for achieving the same results at lower levels and in regular diplomatic Governing Board, standing committees, general coun¬ sel. labor-management relations, member services, channels. If there are savings to be had on official travel, let's make them at every grievances: (202) 647-8160. FAX: (202) 338-6820 . level of the government. Foreign Service Club (202) 338-5730. —TED WILKINSON 2 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JUNE 1991 FOREIGN SERVICE JUNE 1991 JOURNAL VOL. 68, NO. 6 Editorial Board Chairman HOWARD SCHAFFER RICHARD AHERNE WILLIAM BEECHER C. STUART CALLISON HELEN STROTHER FOUCHE JOE B. JOHNSON BENJAMIN LOWE DANIEL NELSON HANS N. TUCH THEODORE S. WILKINSON China’s Problem 20 Speaking Out “The Independent Voice of the Foreign Service” FEATURES Editor From the Field: Taking Children out otthe Mainstream 15 ANNE STEVENSON-YANG Associate Editor: PAT OLSEN NANCY A. JOHNSON Assistant Editor/Advertising Manager China’s Problem Exorcising Mao 20 JULIA T. SCHIEKEN A. DANE BOWEN JR Editorial Assistant: DEREK TERRELL Design: Speaking Out: The Personal Side of Diplomacy 26 MARKETING & MEDIA SOLUTIONS DAVID D. NEWSOM FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL (ISSN 0015-7279), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990, is FOCUS: INTEGRATING ECONOMIES published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit organization. Material appearing herein represents the opinions Countering the Cold Warriors of Trade 30 of the writers and does not necessarily represent DORAL COOPER the views of AFSA or the JOURNAL. Writer queries are JOURNAL subscription: AFSA Members -$9-50 included in annual dues; others - $40. Overseas Buying and Selling the USA: An Interview with Gary Hufbauer 32 subscription (except Canada) - $50 per year. Airmail not available. Partners or Rivals? America and the European Community 35 Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. ROBERT A. POLLARD and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. The Trade Agreement with Mexico 39 Microfilm copies: University Microfilm Library SUSAN KAUFMAN PURCELL Services, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 (October 1967 to present). Indexed by Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS). Advertising inquiries America Inc.: A Strategy for Telecommunications 42 invited. The appearance of advertisements herein EDWARD J. MARKEY does not imply the endorsement of the services or goods offered. FAX: 202/338-6820 • TELEPHONE: 202/338-4045 or 338-4054. Diplomats in History: Trade in the Congo 46 American Foreign Service Association 1991 Books 48 John D. Stempel on moral choice in foreign policy; Jack H. Shellenberger on Charles Kuralt; Terry Jones on the Japanese business family Cover art DEPARTMENTS for the Journal AFSA Views 2 In Memory 45 Letters 4 Marketplace 53 by Washington area artist Clippings 8 Real Estate 56 50 Years Ago 13 Classifieds 60 G.