ELITE SPORT AND EDUCATION SUPPORT SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF THE TEAM BATH JUDO PROGRAMME AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BATH Michael Jeremy Callan A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath School for Health June 2008 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. This thesis may be made available for consultation within the University Library and may be photocopied or lent to other libraries for the purposes of consultation. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF FIGURES....................................................................................................6 TABLE OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................8 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................13 PUBLICATIONS ..........................................................................................................14 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..................................................................................16 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................. 16 THE UNIVERSITY OF BATH ..................................................................................................................... 19 THE SPORT OF JUDO ............................................................................................................................... 23 GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN SPORT AND EDUCATION ...................................................................... 25 THE AUTHOR ’S ROLE AT THE UNIVERSITY .............................................................................................. 30 CONTEXT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ......................................................................................... 32 AIMS OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................................37 SPORT AND EDUCATION , 19 TH AND EARLY 20 TH CENTURY BACKGROUND ............................................ 37 SPORT AND EDUCATION , LATE 20 TH CENTURY BACKGROUND................................................................ 40 ORIGINAL HISTORICAL RESEARCH INTO JUDO ........................................................................................ 45 A brief history of Kodokan judo........................................................................................................ 46 The relationship between judo and education .................................................................................. 48 The development of judo in a UK University environment............................................................... 53 The development of “sport judo” ..................................................................................................... 66 Judo has undergone a modernizing process ..................................................................................................66 Sport and the three cornered stool.................................................................................................................67 Competitive framework ................................................................................................................................67 Principles of judo..........................................................................................................................................71 Judo and the International Olympic Committee............................................................................................72 Rules have characterised the process ............................................................................................................76 The Kodokan has rewarded those with shiai experience...............................................................................78 Summary.......................................................................................................................................................79 OVERSEAS MODELS OF SPORT AND EDUCATION ..................................................................................... 85 SOCIOLOGICAL CONFLICT THEORY ........................................................................................................ 88 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 92 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY .............................................................................94 INTRODUCTION TO THE METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 94 2 THE CASE STUDY DESIGN APPROACH ...................................................................................................... 96 The initial development of the Research Question.......................................................................... 100 Concept Advisers........................................................................................................................................100 Focus sports ................................................................................................................................................101 Hardness and softness.................................................................................................................................103 Ethical standpoint........................................................................................................................... 105 The Ethical Approach .................................................................................................................................105 Anonymity..................................................................................................................................................106 Informed consent ........................................................................................................................................107 Public profile ..............................................................................................................................................108 DATA COLLECTION .............................................................................................................................. 109 Range of data sources..................................................................................................................... 109 Data Sources Table .....................................................................................................................................110 Data collection methods ................................................................................................................. 112 Triangulation...............................................................................................................................................112 Evidence Database......................................................................................................................................112 Chain of evidence .......................................................................................................................................113 Nature and handling of the data collected...................................................................................... 114 Development of the Questionnaire Research Tool......................................................................................114 Questionnaire construct and hypothesis ............................................................................................119 Interview Methodology...............................................................................................................................121 Open historical interviews ..................................................................................................................121 Open written interviews ......................................................................................................................122 Semi-structured face-to-face interviews .............................................................................................122 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ................................................................................................................. 124 Issues impacting on data collection................................................................................................ 124 The researcher as instrument.......................................................................................................................125 DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................... 126 General Principles.......................................................................................................................... 126 Analytical