See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6541258 Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand IV. Anopheles Article in The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health · February 2006 Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 132 2,367 5 authors, including: Bruce Arthur Harrison Ralph Harbach Western Carolina University and Dept. of Biology Catawba College in North Carolina Natural History Museum, London 153 PUBLICATIONS 2,836 CITATIONS 740 PUBLICATIONS 7,726 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Papel en la transmisión de malaria de las especies de Kerteszia en dos zonas endémicas de malaria en Colombia View project Studies on the ecology and systematics of the probable vectors of dirofilariasis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ardebil Province with emphasis on the zoonotic focus of Meshkinshahr County, 2006 View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ralph Harbach on 30 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 185258 MOSQUITOES OF ILLUSTRATED KEYS TO THAILAND THE ANOPHELES IV. 1, 2, 3, 1, Prachong Ralph Rampa Panthusiri Harrison Harbach A E Rattanarithikul Bruce Coleman and Russell E 4 ILLUSTRATIONS by Prachong Panthusiri Department Component, Entomology, Army US Forces Research of Medical Armed Bangkok, Management, Sciences, Thailand; 2Public Institute of Medical Health Pest Department Winston-Salem, Resources, of Carolina North Environment and Natural 3Department Entomology, History Museum, Carolina, USA; of The Natural North 4Department Kingdom; Army Entomology, London, of of Walter Reed Institute United Spring, Maryland, Research, USA Silver Tropical Health Southeast Journal of Medicine and Public The Asian Supplement 2, Volume 37 2006 Supavej Suvanee Series Editor: ISSN :0125- 1562 rights Tropical 2006 :All reserved. Medicine Public and Health of Asian Journal Southeast The publication. expressed responsible this for the views in alone The authors are by Published Network, Tropical Regional Medicine Public Health SEAMEO and Bangkok, Thailand, 2006 by Printed Printing Thunwa SOUTHEAST ASIAN TROPICAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE THE PUBLIC AND HEALTH Supplement 37 2006 2 Volume CONTENTS Page Abstract Introduction 2 Sibling species mosquitoes genetic anopheline and variation 2 in anopheline mosquitoes disease of Thailand in Role 4 vectors as Malaria 4 Japanese encephalitis 6 6 Filariasis Anopheles fauna of The Thailand 7 Notes habitats 8 on Feeding 9 behavior Groups Subgroups Anopheles of of 9 Habitats and the (Anopheles), Anopheles Anopheles Series 10 1. Group Aitkenii 10 1.1 Group Culiciformis 10 1.2 Lindesayi Group 10 1.3 (Anopheles), Lophoscelomyia Anopheles Series 10 2. Group 10 Asiaticus 2.1 Species 10 Unassociated 2.2 (Anopheles), Myzorhynchus Anopheles Series 11 3. Group 11 Albotaeniatus 3.1 Group 11 Barbirostris 3.2 Hyrcanus Group 11 3.3 Group 11 Umbrosus 3.4 (Baimaia) Anopheles 12 4. (Cellia), Myzomyia Anopheles Series 12 5. Jeyporiensis Complex 12 5.1 Subgroup 12 Aconitus 5.2 Subgroup 12 Culicifacies 5.3 Subgroup 12 Minimus 5.4 (Cellia), Anopheles 13 Series 6. Neocellia Group 6.1 Annularis 13 Group 6.2 Jamesii 13 Group Maculatus 6.3 13 Species Unassociated 6.4 13 (Cellia), Neomyzomyia Anopheles Series 7 14 Group Kochi 7.1 14 Leucosphyrus Group 7.2 14 Group Tessellatus 7.3 14 (Cellia), Anopheles Pyretophorus 8 Series 15 Group Ludlowae 8.1 15 Subpictus Group 8.2 15 Acknowledgements 16 References 16 Type locality information 27 anopheline potential Known neighboring and Thailand in vectors and vectors countries 28 Anopheles Checklist of of the Thailand 30 breeding Anopheles Known habitats of immatures of Thailand in 34 Map showing subregions Thailand of provinces the six 76 and the 37 Map showing Anopheles Thailand of mosquitoes distributions of Thailand in 38 Morphology females Adult 48 Fourth-instar larvae 5O Key subgenera species the and of to females adult 52 subgenera Key species the fourth-instar of and to larvae 90 MOSQUITOES ILLUSTRATED TO OF THE THAILAND KEYS ANOPHELES IV. 3, 1, Ralph 2, Prachong , Rampa Panthusiri E Rattanarithikul Bruce Harrison Harbach A Coleman Russell E and 4 ILLUSTRATIONS by Prachong Panthusiri Department Entomology, Component, Army of US Medical Armed Forces Research Bangkok, Management, 2Public Sciences, Thailand; Medical of Health Pest Institute Resources, Winston-Salem, Department of Carolina North Environment Natural and 3Department Entomology, History Carolina, Museum, USA; of The North Natural 4Department Kingdom; Entomology, Army London, Walter Reed Institute of United of Spring, Maryland, USA Research, Silver keys larvae female for identification of Abstract. Illustrated the the and adult along presented Anopheles mosquitoes distribution of Thailand with maps, are species information, treated, bionomics checklist. of 73 A tabulated and total are a (An. newly species including previously B, 71 and described dirus cracens = leucosphyrus C, D, A, baimafi scanloni dirus An. latens and dirus An. An. = = = A). species epiroticus i.e., Also, included, An. undescribed sundaicus two are = Thirty-four gigas. species chromosomal C and An. minimus An. new near a resolving species provided suggestions of discussed, for 14 their with forms are taxonomic status. Entomology, Army Department Correspondence: Rampa Rattanarithikul, of US Dr Component, Sciences, Research Medical of Medical Forces Institute 315/6 Armed Bangkok Road, 10400, Ratchathewi, Thailand. Ratchawithi SOUTHEAST J PUBLIC TROP ASIAN MED HEALTH INTRODUCTION Keys Anopheles mosquitoes required for identification of the for studies the on are Many epidemiology Anopheles keys transmission of of the and malaria. the illustrated to (Peyton 1973) Scanlon, 1966; Harrison, and of of Thailand Rattanarithikul and lim- are significant published value, these than 20 and ited advances in years ago were as more intervening knowledge Anopheles mosquitoes of occurred the have in the years. our keys entomologists identify presented of the assist in this is The to to purpose paper Anopheles identify keys initially mosquitoes. adult female and used The be larvae to can specimens species. Discriminating high- species and then characteristics to to group are drawings possible, lighted they and, differen- chosen could that whenever be in were so (10x) (10-40x). dissecting microscope morphological using tiated hand The lens a or original previous used characters here based observations and the in lit- usage are on following (1933), especially helpful: Christophers references The Colless erature. were (1956, 1957), (1968), (1972, 1980), (1975), Scanlon Reid and Harrison Harrison (1986), (2005), (2005), Harbach Sallum Green Rattanarithikul and al. Linton al. and et et (2005). morphological Scanlon al. Nomenclature for characters follows Harrison and et (1975), Knight (1980, Peyton (1990). 1982), Generic Wilkerson Harbach and and and (2001), (2003), subgeneric of Tanaka Harbach and abbreviations those Reinert and are (2005). al. et SPECIES SIBLING ANOPHELINE GENETIC VARIATION AND IN MOSQUITOES morphological systematics Combinations of and other methods have proven very recognition sibling notably species insects, useful of in the of in the most groups many previously medically important Many anopheline anopheline mosquitoes. taxa recog- medically recently important Southeast Asia been found nized be in have to as com- morphologically species. plexes suggest of discoveries indistinct that These in many primary species of countries Asian is need for the there that vector reassessment a were solely originally recognized morphological Important species methods. should vector on including techniques, appropriate using cytoge- reconfirmed combination of other be a (1988a-d), by exemplified netic, biochemical, Green molecular methods Baimai and as (1982), (1992), (1988), Panyim ,Rongnoparut (1996, 1998, Green al. and al. al. et et et 1999), non-morphological relying morphological than criteria alone. The rather meth- on (with particularly useful ods adult associated larval if has and to progeny access are one ANOPHELES ILLUSTRATED KEYS IDENTIFICATION OF FOR THE exuviae) wild-caught example, pupal from feral females. female reared For be a can morphological pinned compared her of and characters with those her Wild- progeny. by caught polytene banding females also identified patterns ovarian be chromosome can methodology, using by parasites sporogonic-stage PCR for and also checked malaria or sporozoite dissecting panel by salivary glands examining antigen kit, and the assay a or sporozoites. revealing. approaches for Such them be very can regarded important 1970s, balabacensis Baisas Until the An. late vector was as an However, of Southeast Thailand much Asia. since human malaria and of then what in previously Southeast balabacensis mainland has been considered Asia shown An. was on morphological non-morphological sibling by techniques species, number of and be to a (2005), Peyton (2005), namely Peyton Sallum Sallum baimaii An. and and An. cracens (1988), Peyton (1979), Ramalingam Peyton nemophilous Harrison An. dirus An. and and (2005), (2005) Peyton Peyton and Sallum and Sallum scanloni An. and latens of An. and Leucosphyrus Recognition Complex. Complex prompted of the Dirus the a reassess- belongs Leucosphyrus balabacensis, of which Com- the distribution of the An. to ment 1990) (Peyton, plex Philippines, Indonesia, restricted islands and is in the certain to now (Green