Talent Management in a Multicultural Environment - A new game for global companies through the football’s example Author(s): Quignon Fabien Tutor: Dr. Björn Bjerke Leadership and Management in International Context Examiner: Dr. Philippe Daudi Vettori Francesco Subject: Business Administration Leadership and Management in International Context Level and semester: Master’s Thesis, Spring 2012 Fabien Quignon & Francesco Vettori 1 To everybody... Fabien Quignon & Francesco Vettori 2 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... 8 NOTIFICATION ................................................................................................................. 9 LIST OF EXHIBITS .......................................................................................................... 10 PRE-SEASON: Introduction .............................................................................................. 11 1. OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSES ...................................................................................................... 11 2. RESEARCH QUESTION ................................................................................................................... 12 3. STRUCTURE OF THE CONTENT ................................................................................................ 13 PRE-SEASON PRESS-CONFERENCE: From social football to football business ....... 16 1. THE ADVENT OF THE KING OF SPORTS .............................................................................. 16 2. AN ECONOMIC POWER ................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 An overall overview .................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Simple Club or Global companies? .......................................................................................... 19 3. A QUESTIONABLE CHOICE ......................................................................................................... 21 TACTICAL SESSIONS AND TRAININGS: Methodology ............................................. 24 1. THE CHOICE OF THE TOPIC ....................................................................................................... 24 2. QUALITATIVE APPROACH ........................................................................................................... 25 3. COLLECTING DATA AND INFORMATION ........................................................................... 27 4. FACE-TO-FACE RESEARCH .......................................................................................................... 28 5. ANALYSIS AND WRITING ............................................................................................................. 29 6. METHODOLOGICAL VIEWS ........................................................................................................ 31 6.1 Analytical view ............................................................................................................................. 31 6.2 Systems view ................................................................................................................................ 32 6.3 Actors view .................................................................................................................................. 33 7. CASE STUDIES .................................................................................................................................... 34 8. CHALLENGES FACED DURING THE THESIS PROCESS .................................................. 35 9. FROM METHOLOGY TO THE CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE: our path ...................... 37 FIRST-HALF OF THE MATCH: Literature review......................................................... 39 1. TALENT MANAGEMENT............................................................................................................... 39 1.1 The War for Talent ..................................................................................................................... 39 1.2 The counterexample of Enron ................................................................................................. 41 Fabien Quignon & Francesco Vettori 3 1.3 The repercussion of the Enron case ........................................................................................ 42 1.4 Global Talent Management ................................................................................................................ 44 1.4.1 Globalization ............................................................................................................................... 45 1.4.2 Demographic trends ...................................................................................................................... 46 1.4.3 Diversity ...................................................................................................................................... 48 1.5 Talent Management streams ...................................................................................................... 50 1.5.1 First stream: Talent Management as Human Resource ................................................................. 51 1.5.2 Second stream: talent management focused on the concept of talent pool ........................................... 51 1.5.3 Third stream: talent management centered broadly on talent ........................................................... 52 1.5.4 The Emerging Stream ................................................................................................................... 54 1.6. The issues in hiring Stars and Prima Donnas ........................................................................ 57 1.7 Recruiting and retaining talent .................................................................................................. 59 2. MULTICULTURAL TEAM ............................................................................................................... 61 2.1 Understanding culture for a better understanding of cultural diversity .............................. 61 2.2 Components of Cultural Patterns ............................................................................................. 62 2.3 Understanding cultural differences .......................................................................................... 64 2.3.1 Geert Hofstede.............................................................................................................................. 64 2.3.2 Edward T. Hall .......................................................................................................................... 65 2.3.3 Fons Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turner ........................................................................ 67 2.4 What is multiculturalism ............................................................................................................ 68 2.5 Cultural Intelligence: a need to manage multiculturalism successfully ................................ 69 2.6 The challenge of communication within a multicultural team ............................................. 71 2.6.1 Understanding the communicative process ...................................................................................... 72 2.6.2 Interacting with people: verbal and nonverbal communication .......................................................... 74 2.6.3 Communication competences .......................................................................................................... 75 2.6.4 Intercultural communication effectiveness ........................................................................................ 76 2.7 Leadership in a multicultural team ........................................................................................... 77 2.7.1 Trans-cultural leadership .............................................................................................................. 78 2.7.2 Transformational leadership .......................................................................................................... 78 2.7.3 Participative leadership ................................................................................................................. 79 2.7.4 Cross-cultural leadership versus Global leadership ......................................................................... 79 2.8 Bring out the best in a multicultural team ............................................................................... 82 2.9 Opportunities and challenges in a multicultural team ........................................................... 83 Fabien Quignon & Francesco Vettori 4 2.10 Team building in a multicultural team ................................................................................... 84 2.11 Designing a multicultural organization for a multicultural team ....................................... 87 HALF-TIME OF THE MATCH: Conceptual framework ................................................ 88 SECOND-HALF OF THE MATCH: Case studies .......................................................... 89 1. THE SPECIAL ONE: José Mourinho............................................................................................... 89 1.1 The “Family” ..............................................................................................................................